5671.  Interplay between nonequilibrium quasiparticle relaxation and dynamic supercurrent enhancement in aluminum superconducting constriction junctions

Ling, Dah-chin ,  2023-09-18
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Phys. Rev. B 108,　094512
constriction junctions American Physical Society We present a comprehensive study on the nonequilibrium properties of superconducting nanoconstriction junctions

5672.  Chitosanase Production from the Liquid Fermentation of Squid Pens Waste by Paenibacillus elgii

Wang, San-lang ,  2023-09-11
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemistry] Journal Article
Polymers 15(18),　3724
chitooligosaccharides (COS) that possess diverse biological activities. This study aimed to enhance the productivity of Paenibacillus elgii TKU051 chitosanase

5673.  The metallicity’s fundamental dependence on both local and global galactic quantities

Pan, Hsi-an ,  2022-12-08
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519(1),　p.1149-1170
galaxies: abundances;galaxies: evolution;galaxies: general;galaxies: ISM We study the scaling relations between gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass

5674.  Relationship between the Tropical Cyclone Forecast Skill and the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon in the ECMWF Monthly Ensemble

Tsai, Hsiao-chung; Lo, Tzu-ting; Chen, Meng-shih; Chen, Yun-jing; Kuo, Jui-ling; Hsu, Han-yu ,  2023-04-25
[Graduate Institute & Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering] Proceeding
and the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon in the ECMWF Monthly Ensemble In this study, week-1 to week-4 forecasts of tropical cyclones (TCs

5675.  A framework for cooperative and interactive mobile learning to improve online information evaluation skills

米娜達; Parsazadeh, Nadia ,  2016-12
[Graduate Institute & Department of Information Management] Thesis
Computers & Education 120, p.75-89
, relevance, authority, accuracy and purpose. The primary purpose of this study is to develop a framework for cooperative and interactive mobile learning

5676.  Role of Interfacial Defects in Photoelectrochemical Properties of BiVO4 Coated on ZnO Nanodendrites: X-ray Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigation

Wang, Hsiao-tsu ,  2021-08-26
[Bachelor's Program in Advanced Material Science] Journal Article
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13(35),　41524-41536
the efficiency of absorption of solar light and electron–hole separation. This study provides evidence that the interfacial oxygen defects act

5677.  Study on the interaction between a screw dislocation and circular holes or rigid inclusions by using the angular basis function in conjunction with bipolar coordinates

Lee, Jia-wei ,  2022-04-26
[Graduate Institute & Department of Civil Engineering] Journal Article
Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 28(2),　p.611-632
Lee, Jia-wei Study on the interaction between a screw dislocation and circular holes or rigid inclusions by using the angular basis function

5678.  Predicting Multiple Numerical Solutions to the Duffing Equation Using Machine Learning

Wang, Yi-ren ,  2023-09-15
[Graduate Institute & Department of Aerospace Engineering] Journal Article
Applied Sciences 2023 13(18),　10359
networks;recurrent neural networks;long short-term memory This study addresses the problem of predicting convergence outcomes in the Duffing equation

5679.  Microwave Imaging of Conductors by Direct Sampling Method and U-Net

Chiu, Chien-ching ,  2023-07-27
[Graduate Institute & Department of Electrical Engineering] Journal Article
Sensors and Materials 35(7),　p. 2399-2411
, and nondestructive testing. In this study, we place transmitter and receiver antennas around an unknown object. We can use the direct sampling method (DSM

5680.  Financial Liberalization, Political Institutions, and Income Inequality

Kim, Dong‑Hyeon; Hsieh, Joyce; Lin, Shu‑Chin ,  2021-03
[Graduate Institute & Department of International Business] Journal Article
Empirical Economics 60(3), p.1245–1281
the 1990s. Nonetheless, empirical investigations remain inconclusive. To provide new and robust evidence, this study investigates the distributional

5681.  In situ encapsulation of camptothecin by self-assembly of poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan for controlled drug delivery

Huang, Yi-Cheng; Zeng, Yang-Jie; Lin, Yu-Wei; Tai, Hung-Chih; Don, Trong-Ming ,  2023-05-26
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Polymers 15(11), 2463
for effectively delivering CPT to the targeted cancer site. In this study, a dual pH/thermo-responsive block copolymer of poly(acrylic acid-b-N

5682.  Improved miscibility and toughness of biological poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/poly (lactic acid) blends via melt-blending-induced thermal degradation,

Ong, Yit Thai; Chen, Ting-Min; Don, Trong-Ming ,  2023-09-18
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 253, 127001
(lactic acid) (PLA). Yet, miscibility becomes the primary concern that would affect the synergy effect of polymer blending. This study aimed to improve

5683.  The effects of mindfulness pedagogy on students' state of mindfulness and motivation in university physical education

Chuang, Hsin-Yun; Wang*, Fongjia ,  2024-01-23
[Graduate Institute & Department of Information Management] Proceeding
of bodily and mental sensations during skill learning is essential for motivating participation. This study aimed to investigate the impact

5684.  Food waste and environmental sustainability of the hotelindustry in Taiwan

Lee, Hsu-hua ,  2023-10-30
[Department of Management Sciences] Journal Article
Sustainability 15(21),　15459
brand reputation and underscore a commitment to environmental sustainability for hoteliers and culinary managers. This study offers actionable insights

5685.  Investigation of CO2 Absorption Rate in Gas/Liquid Membrane Contactors with Inserting 3D Printing Mini-Channel Turbulence Promoters

Ho, Chii-Dong; Chen, Luke; Tu, Jr-Wei; Lin, Yu-Chen; Lim, Jun-Wei; Chen, Zheng-Zhong ,  2023-12-04
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Membranes 13(12), p.899-921
with embedding 3D mini-channel turbulence promoters in the current study indicated that the CO2 absorption rate improvement is achieved due to the diminishing

5686.  Ultrafiltration membrane fabricated from polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste for treating microalgal wastewater and reusing for microalgal cultivation

Rawindran, Hemamalini; Hut, Nur Arif bin; Vrasna, Dhita Karunia; Goh, Pei Sean; Lim, Jun Wei; Liew, Chin Seng; Ho, Chii-Dong; Kang, Hooi-Siang; Shahid, Muhammad Kashif; Ng, Hui-Suan; Habila, Mohamed A.; Khoo, Kuan Shiong ,  2024-01
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Chemosphere 346
Current study had made a significant progress in microalgal wastewater treatment through the implementation of an economically viable polyethylene

5687.  Young Global Talents on the Move: Taiwanese in Singapore and Hong Kong

黃佳媛 ,  2014-12
[Center for Teacher Education] Journal Article
人口學刊 49，頁69-117
This paper studies young Taiwanese who migrated to Singapore and Hong Kong for work, study or family reasons. It is based mainly on 40 in-depth interviews

5688.  Recent (Young) Taiwanese Movers to Hong Kong: Challenges and Opportunities in a Global City

Huang, Chia-yuan ,  2016-06
[Center for Teacher Education] Journal Article
The China Review 16(2),　p.137-164
Press Using Hong Kong as a case study, this article presents findings regarding the transnational migration of highly educated young Taiwanese to global

5689.  Cultural Adaptation of Taiwanese Female Marriage Migrants in Hong Kong

Huang, Chia-yuan ,  2018-05-27
[Center for Teacher Education] Journal Article
Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 12(2),　p.121-156
residence;cultural and social adaptation This study proposes to explore trans-border marriage migrants from Taiwan to Hong Kong, which are historically

5690.  Intelligent Performance Evaluation in Rowing Sport Using a Graph-Matching Network

Chen, Wen-her ,  2023-08-31
[Office of Physical Education] Journal Article
Journal of Imaging 9(9),　181
on wearable sensors, leading to challenges in sporter inconvenience. The aim of our work is to use a graph-matching network to analyze the similarity

5691.  Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Deep Network Based on Discriminative Class-Wise MMD

Lin, Hsiau-Wen; Tsai, Yihjia; Lin, Hwei Jen; Yu, Chen-Hsiang; Liu, Meng-Hsing ,  2024-02-06
[Graduate Institute & Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering] Journal Article
AIMS Mathematics 9(3), p.6628–6647
alignment, which is crucial for adaptation. To address the issue, this study introduced a discriminative, class-wise deep kernel-based MMD technique

5692.  Poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) green nanocomposites assisted by sorbitol-derivative nanofibrillar scaffolds with improved crystallization rates and mechanical properties

Lai, Wei-Chi; Liu, Li-Jie ,  2023-11-04
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 148, p.13337–13348
. In this study, a natural sugar derivative, 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol (DBS), was added to PLA/PEG blends. DBS is a well-known and inexpensive gelator

5693.  Intelligent Performance Evaluation in Rowing Sport Using a Graph-Matching Network

Chen, Chien-Chang; Lin, Cheng-Shian; Chen, Yen-Ting; Chen, Wen-Her; Chen, Chien-Hua; Chen, I-Cheng ,  2023-08-31
[Graduate Institute & Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Imaging 9(9), p. 181–195
. The aim of our work is to use a graph-matching network to analyze the similarity in rowers’ rowing posture and further pair rowers to improve

5694.  On the Identifiability of Artificial Financial Time Series

Lin, Chuang-chieh ,  2024-05
[Graduate Institute & Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Information Science and Engineering 40(3),　p.567-579
and unlikely to predict. In this study, we assume that financial time series are based on a stochastic series generated by a Markov decision process. Based

5695.  How does cultural confidence awaken community citizenship behaviors? The moderating effect of cultural involvement.

Ni, Yen-sen ,  2023-05-19
[Department of Management Sciences] Journal Article
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 55,　p.425-434
effect of cultural confidence on place identity. As such, we argue that this study makes contributions by highlighting the importance of cultural

5696.  Trends in chitosan-based films and coatings: A systematic review of the incorporated biopreservatives, biological properties, and nanotechnology applications in meat preservation

Huang, Chia-chi ,  2024-02-21
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemistry] Journal Article
Food Packaging and Shelf Life 42,　101259
)-compatibility of chitosan make it the most common biopolymer used for film and coating production. This study is a comprehensive review of the current

5697.  Intelligent System Application to Monitor the Smart City Building Lighting

Chen, Tzu-Chia; Dwijendra, N.K.A.; Singhal, Saurabh; Sivaraman, R.; Mamdouh, Amr ,  2023-03-31
[Department of Artificial Intelligence] Journal Article
Computers, Materials and Continua 75(2), p.3159-3169
the use of cutting-edge technology and informatics as the primary strategy for enhancing service quality, with energy resources taking precedence

5698.  Meridian energy analysis may predict the prognosis of patients with advanced cancers receiving palliative care.

Chen, Chun-min ,  2023-03-02
[Graduate Institute of Senior Healthcare Management] Journal Article
Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 13(4),　p.389-396
procedure This was a single-center cohort study. Between 2019 and 2020, we measured skin conductance from 24 representative acupoints of 12 meridians on both

5699.  A flood Impact-Based forecasting system by fuzzy inference techniques

Wee, Gary; Chang, Li-chiu ,  2023-09-09
[Department of Artificial Intelligence] Journal Article
Journal of Hydrology 625(B),　130117
of flood disasters and to mitigate associated risks for resilience enhancement and losses minimization. This study proposes a flood impact-based

5700.  Encaging Co nanoparticle in atomic CoN4-dispersed graphite nanopocket evokes high oxygen reduction activity for flexible Zn-air battery

Wang, Hsiao-tsu; Chen, Kuan-hung; Lin, Wei-xuan ,  2024-01-30
[Bachelor's Program in Advanced Material Science] Journal Article
Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 347(15),　123792
barrier of rate-limiting step by the encaged Co nanoparticle. This study showcases a creative conformational design for guiding the construction

5701.  Return to school practices after hematopoietic cell transplantation: a survey of transplant centers in the United States

Mau, Lih-wen ,  2024-02-20
[Graduate Institute of Senior Healthcare Management] Journal Article
Bone Marrow Transplant
, HCT physician members of the Pediatric Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Consortium were approached to study inter-physician practice variability

5702.  A move analysis of Chinese L2 student essays from the sociocognitive perspective: Genres, languages, and writing quality.

Chang, Tzu-Shan ,  2023-07
[Graduate Institute & Department of English] Journal Article
Assessing Writing 57, 100750
the sociocognitive perspective, this study investigated Chinese students’ essays across genres and languages, focusing on moves/steps in introductions

5703.  Bulge formation of liquid film at the trailing edge: Scaling laws and particle removal assessment

Chiu, Te-Yao; Fang, Ho-Yo; Fu, Hsueh-Hung; Niu, Yang-Yao; Chou, Yi-Ju ,  2022-12
[Graduate Institute & Department of Aerospace Engineering] Journal Article
Physics of Fluids 34(12), 123304
removal assessment AIP Publishing LLC We present numerical simulations and laboratory experiments to study bulge formation at the trailing edge

5704.  The use of multicomponent reactions in the development of bis-boronic acids for the detection of β-sialic acid

Chou, Tzu-Ching; Hu, Ying-Li; Xie, Guan-Cheng; Jiang, Jyh-Chiang; Peng, Liang-Ying; Tsai, Hsiao-Chun; Yao, Chiao-Tien; Tsai, Yi-Jie; Huang, Ting-Yu; Hu, Jing-Wen; Chen, Yi-Ching; Tsai, Min-Yeh; Chen, Yi-Wei; Pan, Po-Shen ,  2023-12-27
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemistry] Journal Article
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 22, p.1639-1645
-Wen Chen, Yi-Ching Tsai, Min-Yeh Chen, Yi-Wei Pan, Po-Shen The use of multicomponent reactions in the development of bis-boronic acids

5705.  Baicalein suppresses HER2-mediated malignant transformation of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells by downregulating HER2 gene expression.

Chuang TC*, Fang GS, Hsu SC, Lee YJ, Shao WS, Wang V., Lee SL, Kao MC, Ou CC. ,  2023-07
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemistry] Journal Article
Environmental Toxicology 38(7), p.1609-1617
is reported to have anti-tumor activity, but the molecular mechanism of this effect in HER2-positive cancer cells has not been studied. In this study

5706.  Manipulating Spin Exchange Interactions and Spin-Selected Electron Transfers of 2D Metal Phosphorus Trisulfide Crystals for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Chih-Ying Huang, Hung-Min Lin, Chun-Hao Chiang, Hsin-An Chen, Ting-Ran Liu, Deepak Vishnu S. K, Jau-Wern Chiou, Raman Sankar, Huang-Ming Tsai, Way-Faung Pong, Chun-Wei Chen ,  2023-08-30
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Advanced Functional Materials 33(43), 2305792
. In this study, a significant enhancement of OER performance is demonstrated by controlling the spin-exchange interaction and spin-selected electron

5707.  Construction of Core-shell TiNb2O7/Li4Ti5O12 Composites with Improved Lithium Storage for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hsiao, Yu-Sheng; Weng, Lin-Yang; Cheng, Ta-Hung; Huang, Tzu-Yen; Wu, Yen-Ju; Huang, Jen-Hsien; Wu, Nian-Jheng; Hsu, Shih-Chieh; Weng, Huei Chu; Chen, Chih-Ping ,  2024-01-30
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Energy Storage 77, 109860
-Ping Construction of Core-shell TiNb2O7/Li4Ti5O12 Composites with Improved Lithium Storage for Lithium-Ion Batteries Elsevier In this study

5708.  MOF-derived spinel NiMn2O4/CoMn2O4 heterojunction and its application in a high-performance photocatalyst and supercapacitor

Kuen-Chan Lee, Yu-Sheng Hsiao, Ming-Yen Sung, Yi-Lun Chen, Nian-Jheng Wu, Jen-Hsien Huang, Er-Chieh Cho, Huei Chu Weng, Shih-Chieh Hsu ,  2023-08-17
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 11(5), 110762
have attracted considerable attention in photocatalyst and supercapacitor applications. In this study, NiMn2O4/CoMn2O4 (NMO/CMO) heterojunctions were

5709.  Cr-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Derived from bimetallic Ni/Mn Metal-Organic Framework as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Yu-Sheng Hsiao, Jen-Hsien Huang, Ta-Hung Cheng, Chih-Wei Hu, Nian-Jheng Wu, Chi-Yun Yen, Shih-Chieh Hsu*, Huei Chu Weng, and Chih-Ping Chen ,  2023-05-19
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Energy Storage 68, 107686
, and excellent rate capability. In this study, bimetallic Ni/Mn-MOFs and Cr-doped Ni/Mn-MOFs have been prepared by solvothermal reaction, which can

5710.  Research on microstructure and shear strength of Al alloy jointed by sputtered Cu thin film deposited through HiPIMS and DCMS techniques

Shih-Chieh Hsu, Yi-Hsin Huang, Sheng-Chi Chen, Chao-Kuang Wen, Wen-Sheng Yang, Ming-Han Liao, Tze-Yang Yeh, Ching-Ming Yang ,  2023-05-04
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Surfaces and Interfaces 39, 102907
for use in the electric vehicles (EVs) industry, which can contribute to a low-carbon economy. This research is primarily focused on the jointing technology

5711.  Facile synthesis of hybrid WO3/MoOx electrochromic films for application in complementary electrochromic devices

Shih-Chieh Hsu, Szu-Han Chao, Nian-Jheng Wu, Jen-Hsien Huang, Jia-Lin Kang, Huei Chu Weng, and Ting-Yu Liu, ,  2023-02-12
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 945, 169256
electrochromic films for application in complementary electrochromic devices Elsevier In this study, WO3 nanoparticles and MoO3 nanoribbons were prepared

5712.  Cr3+-Doped TiNb2O7 as an advanced anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Yu-Sheng Hsiao, Lo-Yueh Chang, Chih-Wei Hu, Cheng-Zhang Lu, Nian-Jheng Wu, Ying-Lin Chen, Tzu-Hsien Hsieh, Jen-Hsien Huang, Shih-Chieh Hsu*, Huei-Chu Weng, Chih-Ping Chen ,  2023-03-30
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Applied Surface Science 614, 156155
, significantly improve its rate performance, in this study we prepared a novel Ti1–xCrxNb2O7 (x = 0.05; Cr-TNO) anode material. When evaluated for its

5713.  Development of a Lagrangian–Eulerian approach-based five-equation two-fluid model for simulation of multiphase reactive flows

Yu-Hsuan Huang, Yang-Yao Niu ,  2023-06-22
[Graduate Institute & Department of Aerospace Engineering] Journal Article
Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals 84(5), pp.556-600
of the current study is to develop numerical capability to analyze the flow structures of the scramjet engine in which many complex physical phenomena

5714.  N-Doping Induced Lattice Expansion of 1D Template Confined Ultrathin MoS2 Sheets to Significantly Enhance Lithium Polysulfides Redox Kinetics for Li–S Battery

Minzhe Chen, Nan Wang, Wei Zhou, Xiaoyan Zhu, Qikai Wu, Ming-Hsien Lee, Dengke Zhao, Shunlian Ning, Maozhong An, Ligui Li ,  2023-08-23
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Small 19(48), 2303015
of 7.80 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C. This study offers feasible guidance for designing advanced MoS2-based cathode materials in LSBs. 2023-08-23 Small 19(48

5715.  ACd4Ga5Te12 (A = K, Rb, Cs): Tellurides with a Strong Nonlinear Optical Response and Purple Emission

Mengran Sun, Wenhao Xing, Shyong K. Chen, Chunxiao Li, Wenhao Liu, Ming-Hsien Lee, Jiyong Yao ,  2023-08-29
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Chemistry of Materials 35, pp.7218−7228
. Moreover, a comprehensive study of their IR NLO properties, photoluminescence properties, and structural features was performed. These compounds exhibited

5716.  Positive and Negative Contribution from Lead–Oxygen Groups and Halogen Atoms to Birefringence: A First Principles Investigation

Can Deng, Jialong Wang, Mei Hu, Xiuhua Cui, Haiming Duan, Peng Li, Ming-Hsien Lee ,  2023-11-28
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Nanomaterials 13(23), 3037
. In this study, the electronic structures and the optical properties of the Pb3O2X2 (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds have been investigated using the first

5717.  Enhanced electrochromic performance of carbon-coated V2O5 derived from a metal–organic framework

Hsiao, Yu-Sheng; Cai-Wan, Chang-Jian; Syu, Wei-Lin; Yen, Shih-Chieh; Huang, Jen-Hsien; Weng, Huei-Chu; Lu, Cheng-Zhang; Hsu, Shih-Chieh ,  2021-03-15
[Graduate Institute & Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering] Journal Article
Applied Surface Science 542, 148498
electrochromic performance of carbon-coated V2O5 derived from a metal–organic framework Elsevier In this study we synthesized a vanadium (V)-containing metal

5718.  Do personal values and motivation affect women's solo travel intentions in Taiwan?

Yi-Man Teg, Kun-Shan Wu, Ying-Chieh Lee ,  2023-01-04
[Graduate Institute & Department of Business Administration] Journal Article
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2023)10:8
solo travel is experiencing a global increase and specifically, gaining popularity in Asia. This study explores how personal values and female solo

5719.  The metallicity's fundamental dependence on both local and global galactic quantities

William M. Baker, Roberto Maiolino, Francesco Belfiore, Mirko Curti, Asa F. L. Bluck, Lihwai Lin, Sara L. Ellison, Mallory Thorp, Hsi-An Pan ,  2023-02
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 519(1), pp.1149-1170
, galaxies: general, galaxies: ISM We study the scaling relations between gas-phase metallicity, stellar mass surface density (Σ*), star formation rate

5720.  Manipulating Spin Exchange Interactions and Spin-Selected Electron Transfers of 2D Metal Phosphorus Trisulfide Crystals for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Chih-Ying Huang, Hung-Min Lin, Chun-Hao Chiang, Hsin-An Chen, Ting-Ran Liu, Deepak Vishnu S. K, Jau-Wern Chiou, Raman Sankar, Huang-Ming Tsai, Way-Faung Pong, Chun-Wei Chen ,  2023-08-30
[Graduate Institute & Department of Physics] Journal Article
Advanced Functional Materials 33(43), 2305792
at electrocatalysts may promote the generation of parallel spin-aligned oxygen atoms, enhancing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. In this study