The phosphorus-containing curing agents were prepared and served as the post-curing agent and as the flame retardant for aqueous-based PU, simultaneously. The physical and the mechanical properties of resulted PU were modified corresponding to the curing dosage. Whereas the thermal stability and the flame inhibition behaviors of these post-cured PU were evaluated by the measurements of thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter, respectively.