PVDF membranes were prepared by isothermal immersion precipitation of PVDF/NMP dope solutions from both harsh and soft nonsolvent baths. Low voltage FESEM imaging of the formed membranes at very high magnifications (e.g., 300 KX) revealed their nano-scale fine structures; particularly, the branching dendrites observed on the surfaces of the macrovoids, cellular pores and the membrane skin, which have not been successfully presented in the literature. Evidence of crystallization was also demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements.
關聯:
第三屆薄膜科技研討會會議論文專輯=The Third Confrence on Membrane Science & Technology in Taiwan
