皮革製成之摺結構

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Title:	皮革製成之摺結構
Other Titles:	Leather making with folding structures
Authors:	蔡秉儒;Tsai, Bien-Ru
Contributors:	淡江大學建築學系碩士班陳珍誠;Chen, Chen-Cheng
Keywords:	皮革軟性材料;摺;數位製造;製成;變形;leather;soft materials;folding digital manufacturing;Steel;deformed
Date:	2013
Issue Date:	2014-01-23 14:25:11 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	紙張、布料、皮革的軟性材質在日常生活裡就經常被使用，從小對於用雙手就能製成的材料就有很大的興趣，也有許多的操作經驗，認知到這些軟性材料有結構性之後，便在製作上對此感到興趣。與教授討論論文的方向時，教授建議自己熟悉的或是自己有興趣的事情去做，這會對於寫論文有相當的幫助。於是在自己常用的日常材料下選擇了皮革，期望的設計論文就是將皮革材料透過不一樣的觀念切入作為論文的開端，它可以達到某種結構性，可以承受某種程度上的重量。皮革的種類、彈性與厚度都有不同的用途，但是因為傳統的工法與觀念讓某些可能性沒有被繼續挖掘下去。設計的出發點在於先了解摺紙具備結構性的這個觀念，「摺」就是一種結構的基本工法，但是通常被運用的很保守。因為我們在探討所使用的結構時，往往因為安全考量所以將承受物能夠承受的極限盡可能超過使用的重量，以達到最理想的安全性。但是如果透過實作實驗，我們將能找到各種材料的承受值並且分級，也就是說什麼樣的重量群會適合什麼樣的材料,對於設計的材料運用就能有更明確的選擇和決定性。在Folding Techniques for Designers from Sheet to Form和Structural Packaging這兩本書理解了摺的兩大重點就是收縮與推擠，當這兩者存在於一個單元上時就會產生穩定、平衡並達到靜止狀態。因此先實驗厚度較薄的皮革，證實可能性和可行性，接著以自己的重量製作了三張椅子，分別為Leather Structure Chair 、VX Structure Chair 、與 Six-Triangle Chair 三個不同厚度與不同方式構成的摺形椅子。其中的Six-Triangle Chair也證實了以正確的厚度與密度之皮革加上摺得概念，確實可以產生結構性並且承受使用者的重量。在製作過程一直想與數位製造配合，但是因為皮革是自然纖維，運用震動刀切割會造成邊緣的毛躁，而因為是自然纖維所以整張皮革的纖維密度是不一樣的，所以無法透過CNC切割。CNC唯一能幫助的就是運用它來燒上切割的參考線，變得比傳統的輸出紙張然後貼上再切割或手工打稿更為精準更為快速，有效的減少部分的工作時間。改變傳統手工縫合的方式後開始思考製成方式的改變，原本長時間的預設縫合孔和縫合時間都因為方式的改變大大的減少了製作時間，當然可能沒有漂亮的裝飾縫合線了。但或許新的工法就該研究出新的製成美感，那樣的新構成還是能讓皮革精美，因為皮革本身就是一個具備好質感的材料。在製作過程最為麻煩的反而是摺這件事，摺是非常耗體力的製作過程新課題，因為皮革的厚度，所以在摺之前必須挖出預設的摺線溝槽，這些溝槽都必須使用溝槽器具藉由手工挖除。而目前尚未有簡便的數位工具可以做到挖除的工作，這個吃力的過程對於製作者而言是個沉重的負擔。探討軟性材料時其實皮革只是其中的一部分，相信不同的軟性材質是有其不同的材料特性。或許也因為材料性的不同製作的方式就必須不同。長時間的實驗下並沒有特別對數位製造深入研究，所以對於藉由數位工具來幫助製成也會是一個有趣的發展方向。當然本文在摺的過程都是先以一個穩定的基本形狀做為基礎，若摺的穩定可以推演到變形後還是可以達到穩定的結構狀態，也是可以繼續探索下去的，或許變形之後為了穩定必須多加一條線或多摺一次那也是另一實驗課題。軟性材料在透過摺的過程也會產生微曲面，那些為曲面讓軟性這件事更加的視覺化，如果把硬的材質因為這樣的視覺化後也能看似柔軟，那會不會也是一種軟性的視覺研究?運用軟性製成結構其實現在很常見了，但是如何讓它們有更多樣的可能性是目前尚未被深刻討論的，所以對於生活裡的小事物總是喜歡以自己的方式建構或製作的人，可以研究發現更多以往自己沒有嘗試跨越的新領域。關鍵字：皮革、軟性材料、摺、數位製造、製成、變形。 Abstract Soft materials such as paper, clothes, leather are widely used in daily life. Numerous operation experiences of this kind of hand-mastering stuff which supports the great interest since my childhood has built the cognition of structural characteristics in soft materials and conceived the idea of manufacturing. The encouragement of getting started with acquainted subject for research form Advisor Professor has inspired me to target on leather. Different types, elasticity and thickness of the leather have its own use; the feasibility in leather has been limited due to the classical techniques and opinions thus it has not been discussed carefully. The anticipation of the thesis begins with dissimilar notion of distinct identity of the leather, and focuses on discovering the structural character which could endure the weight to a certain extent. The design starts with an understanding of structural idea in paper folding. “Folding” has been utilized as basic construction method conservatively; the load-bearing limitation has usually exceeded the weight-bearing standard to reach a desirable security concern. Therefore, with actual experiments of determining and classifying the loading limitation in different materials, the ascertainment of weight range could offer more accuracy on the alternative routes toward a right material. The books Folding Techniques for Designers from Sheet to Form and Structural Packaging has aided an understanding with the interpretation of folding in constriction and push, by which the object may produce a stability, equilibrium and stationary state. The possibility and feasibility has first confirmed by the experiment of thinner leather; hence the fabrication of three different chairs, Leather Structure Chair, VX Structure Chair, Six-Triangle Chair, has set up with a load-bearing of author’s weight and made of different thicknesses and diverse folding function. Six-Triangle Chair also verify that the performance of structural issue and load-bearing could materialized by proper thickness and density of leather in the extension of folding idea. Although digital manufacturing had been a prioritized option during the process, the CNC machine has yet adapted to cutting task due to an uneven fiber density in the leather which has caused the rough fringe after vibrated cutting. The CNC machine could help with the reference line printing, which effectively shortens the working hours and speeds up with accuracy, in comparison with classical paper transfer printing or hand drafting. The change of manual sutured technique in classical way leads to a new deliberation of manufacturing process. Albeit that the impressive decorative stitches between prefab suture pores might not exist under the updating process, the new constitution should bring forth a new aesthetic perception, and refine the leather work with such a material with fascinating texture. In the procedure, folding has been a labor-consuming and time-costing practice because of the thickness. Furrows for folding should be ditched by hands with trenching tools; without any specialized digital apparatus which offers the same quality of trenching, this laborious job still loaded on producer’s shoulder. In the long term, the leather is simply one of the explorations of soft materials; with various characteristics in different substances, the fabricating techniques would follow the expression of materials.
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