| 摘要: | 隨著知識經濟時代的來臨，關於就業與創業形態已經跳脫過去的模式，掌握資訊與知識，就有創造機會的優勢。根據瑞士洛桑國際管理學院(IMD)「2012年世界競爭力年報」指出，台灣創業家精神指標排名全球第一，較2011年進步3名，且為歷年最佳表現(行政院經建會綜合計畫處，2012)。而創業家精神的高低，往往會影響一個國家的經濟成長(Acs & Szerb, 2007；Wennekers & Thurik, 1999)。
本研究以台灣地區18歲以上之創業家為研究對象，探討創業家的自我效能、生涯承諾、科學素養、快樂、生活滿意與人格特質。並以六位相關領域之專家進行訪，彙整訪談資料後，進而對創業家歷程進行了解。本研究問卷以紙本與網路輔助方式進行發放，為期三個月，回收之有效樣本為215份。
知識、技術與態度是創造個人競爭力的元素，也是科學素養的內涵，因此本研究以Niu and Yang(2012)發展之科學素養量表構面來探討創業家精神，並以SPSS和AMOS進行結構分析與純化。在信度分析方面，Cronbach’s α值皆大於0.781，顯示使用量表皆具備良好信度。以迴歸、集群與對應分析對變數之因果與類別進行探究。研究發現，創業家之科學素養會完全中介其自我效能對生涯承諾的關係，具嚴謹性或經驗開放性創業家之科學素養較高。生活滿意方面，30歲以上或已婚之創業家生活滿意較高。除此之外，本研究以Niu and Yang(2012)之科學素養量表為基礎進行純化，欲發展創業家精神導向之量表，並以AMOS 18.0進行配適度、組成信度與區別效度之分析，結果發現該量表具備信效度，並與績效呈現正相關。故本研究在創業家人格特質、創業家精神相關議題研究不僅從訪談去了解創業家該具備之特質也突顯人格特質在科學素養上的差異，並以期許發展之創業家精神量表有利於未來企業人才招募、遴選或學術應用之目的。
According to the knowledge economic generation coming, starting enterprises has become a trend. Grasping opportunities could create the advantage. Entrepreneurship will influence the economic development of countries (Acs & Szerb, 2007；Wennekers & Thurik, 1999).
This study tries to investigate the Self-efficacy, Career Commitment, Scientific Literacy, Happiness, Life Satisfaction and Personality Traits of entrepreneurs. This study uses the viewpoint of scientific literacy to explain the entrepreneurship and to choose the entrepreneurs who are older than 18 years old in Taiwan as samples. This study comprehends the process of starting up through the interview with 6 experts and the relevant some literatures. The questionnaires recovered 215 valid samples. As a result to knowledge, skills, attitudes are the elements of creating personal competitive strength. This study uses the dimensions of the research in Niu and Yang(2012) to confer entrepreneurship. The Cronbach’s α values are all above 0.781, it shows the scale has great validity and reliability.
The result shows the scientific literacy of entrepreneurs will mediate effects the self-efficacy to career commitment, and the entrepreneurs whose personality traits are conscientiousness or openness to experience have much higher scores in scientific literacy. In life satisfaction, the entrepreneurs who are older than 30 years old or married have much higher scores. Because the items of scientific literacy scale is too many in Niu and Yang’s research, this study tries to reduce the items to form the entrepreneurship scale. Then, this study uses the AMOS 18.0 to analyze the goodness-of-fit, construct validity and composite reliability. Finally, both the validity and reliability of the scale reaches the criterion. Consequently, this study hopes the results and the entrepreneurship scale will help the recruitment and selection in human resource management in the future. |
