| Abstract: | 2008年12月26日中共解放軍海軍派遣特遣艦隊，至東非索馬利亞海域亞灣，開啟中共解放軍海軍長時間滯留印度洋執行反海盜巡護任務，迄今已14梯次。中共三十多年的改革開放已成為世界第二大經濟體，國際貿易80％靠海運執行，海洋安全攸關國家的生存發展。作為世界三大洋之ㄧ的印度洋，海上航道安全與否，直接關係到中共的貿易、能源和戰略等通道的安全。中共在印度洋海上通道的安全形勢嚴峻，要維護在印度洋上航道安全，應改善美、印兩大國的情誼，並與印度洋週邊國家睦鄰友好關係，推動印度洋海上安全的多邊合作，充分利用國際社會之能量，建立維護海上安全的長遠機制。2011年11月5日，中共軍方指出：「我國海軍訓練要從近海向遠洋跨越」。中共解放軍海軍已建立空中、水面及水下立體的打擊力量，增強戰略威懾與反擊能力，發展遠海合作與應對非傳統安全威脅能力。從中共派遣艦艇至東非海域已清晰可見中共海軍的「轉型」。
2013年4月17日旺報刊載，中共公布國防白皮書首次提到「海外利益」已成為國家利益的重要部分，宣示維護海外能源資源、海上戰略通道以及海外公民、法人的安全。並強調開展海上護航、撤離海外公民、應急救援等海外行動，成為解放軍履行國際義務的重要方式。中共海軍正探索遠洋作戰任務編組訓練模式，組織由新型驅護艦、遠洋綜合補給艦和艦載直升機混合編成的遠海作戰編隊編組訓練，突顯遠程預警及綜合控制、遠海攔截、遠程奔襲、大洋反潛、遠洋護航等重點內容。也藉由遠海訓練帶動沿海部隊進行防空、反潛、反水雷和反恐佈、反海盜、近岸防衛、島礁破襲等對抗性實兵演練。為維護廣大國家利益，中共解放軍海軍對航空母艦的發展已加快步伐，因為惟有在緊急時將兵力投射到發生衝突的區域，確保國家戰略利益未遭受損害。在中共大力推展國防現代化的進程中，在不久的將來會遇見ㄧ支嶄新的中共解放軍海軍隊伍。
The People’s Liberation Army had on December 26, 2008 sent a special Navy envoy fleet to Gulf of Aden in the Somali waters, which had unleashed the People’s Liber-ation Army’s long Navy deployment to the Indian Ocean for carrying out anti-piracy escort patrol mission, which had reached 14 sessions by now. Mainland China has emerged as the second largest economic entity after more thirty years of reform, and as 80% of the international trade relies on shipping by
ocean freight, maritime safety bears a close relation to a country’s survival and development. As one of the three major oceans around the globe, the safety of maritime navigation courses in the Indian Ocean is directly correlated to Mainland China’s navigation access for trade, energy and strategic defense. With the safety scenario of its maritime corridor in the Indian Ocean being rather
harsh, Mainland China needs to improve the Sino-American and Sino-Indian ties in order to maintain the safety of its navigation courses in the Indian Ocean, and also to maintain a friendly relation with countries surrounding the Indian Ocean by promoting multilateral cooperation for the safety across the Indian Ocean and by fully utilizing the synergy of the international community to instill a long-term maritime safety mechanism. The Chinese military had on November 5, 2011 pointed out, “Our Naval training is to expand from the near coast to the deep seas”. The People’s Liberation Army has since instilled a three-dimensional infiltration power from the air, on sea surface and underwater as it steps up its strategic intimidation and
infiltration capability by developing deep sea cooperation and its capability in responding to non-conventional security threat. Mainland China’s dispatching its fleet to the east African seas clear shows the Chinese Navy’s “Transformation”. As reported by Want Daily on April 17, 2013, Mainland China had announced its national defense white paper that mentioned for the first time the “offshore gain”, which had become a critical part of its national interest, as it declared its will to defend offshore
energy resources, maritime strategic corridors, and the safety of overseas citizens and incurporated entities. It also emphasized on embarking on maritime escort, evacuating overseas citizens, emergency aid in a series of maritime actions, which had become a critical equation in the Liberation Army’s fulfilling its international duties. The Chinese Navy is currently exploring deep sea combat mission mobilization and training mode by organizing a deep sea combat mobilization team training made up of new-model frigates, deep-sea general supply ships, and helicopters on aircraft carrier, which highlight its focal content of
long-term warning, deep sea interception, long-range ambush, anti-submarine at sea, deep sea navigate on escort and so forth. It also turns to the deep-sea training to jump start the coastal troops to conduct air defense, anti-submarine, anti-torpedo, as well as anti-terrorism, anti-piracy, near-coast defense, islet/reef infiltration in a series of resistive tangible troop drillings. To safeguard the interest of a large country, the People’s Liberation Army has quickened its pace of developing Navy aircraft carriers because it remains the only viable means to deploy the military forces to the area where conflict has occurred to ensure its national strategic gain is kept intact. In Mainland China’s dynamic national defense modernization process, a brand-new People’s Liberation Army’s Navy fleet can be expected in the near future. |
