本論文研究埋藏於三層空間中二維非均勻介質柱體的電磁影像重建。此研究以有限時域差分法 (FDTD) 為基礎，利用最佳化方法於時域中重建埋藏於三層空間中二維非均勻介質柱體之特性參數。為了探究埋藏於三層空間中未知的非均勻介質柱體，概念上吾人可向散射體發射電磁脈波/平面波，並量測其周圍的散射電磁波，再針對此量測散射電磁波分別以非同步粒子群聚法法（APSO）將逆散射問題轉化為求解最佳化問題。然而分別以族群大小為未知數(49)的3倍、5倍、以及10倍來模擬比較，本論文探討以非同步粒子群聚法法對於三層空間下的二維非均勻介質柱體逆散射問題的適用性。模擬結果顯示，即使最初的猜測值與實際散射體位置相距甚遠，此最佳化方法皆可以成功地重建出柱體的介電參數。使用非同步粒子群聚法法可以大幅減少計算正散射次數，並且減少逆散射問題收斂時間。 This paper presents the studies of microwave image reconstructions that are approached based on the time-domain technique (finite difference time domain, FDTD) and optimization method for 2-D inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders. The dielectric cylinder is buried in a slab media. For the forward scattering the FDTD method is employed to calculate the scattered E fields, while for the inverse scattering asynchronous particle swarm optimization (APSO) is utilized to determine the permittivity of the cylindrical scatterer with arbitrary cross section. In order to explore the unknown dielectric cylinder in a three-layered slab medium, an electromagnetic pulse can be conducted to illuminate the cylinder, for which the scattered E fields can then be measured. The inverse problem is then resolved by an optimization approach. The idea is to perform the image reconstruction by utilization of Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization to minimize the discrepancy between the measured and calculated scattered field data. Three times,five times and ten times of the unknows population size are also investigated. The suitability and efficiency of applying APSO for microwave imaging of 2D dielectric cylinders are examined in this dissertation. Numerical results show that even when the initial guesses are far away from the exact one, good reconstruction can be obtained by Asynchronous Particle Swarm Optimization. However, the APSO can reduce the convergent speed in terms of the number of the objective function calls.
