先秦商道思想之研究

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Title:	先秦商道思想之研究
Other Titles:	The study of commercialistic thought in the Pre-Qin dynasty
Authors:	林妙玲;Lin, Miao-Ling
Contributors:	淡江大學中國文學系碩士在職專班崔成宗;Cheng-Tsong Tsui
Keywords:	司馬遷;Ssu Ma Chien;史記;貨殖列傳;先秦;商道;historical records;the goods breed the biography of great
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-04-13 11:46:30 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	古代四民「士農工商」，以士大夫居首，商為末業，漢武帝時期出現了一位偉大史學家—司馬遷撰《史記》，提出了一個核心價值觀，求富，乃人之本欲。以忠實客觀立場闡述經商致富之道，「今無秩祿之奉，而樂與之比者，命曰『素封』」，相當於無冕王之意，對商人經營成就與社會地位之論述，賦予高度評價。本文研究範圍聚焦於《史記．貨殖列傳》所載先秦時代商人之行事傳記，另藉助直接資料、間接資料，以及輔助資料，探究先秦商道思想。太史公以先知卓見，於《史記．貨殖列傳》以白圭之言:「吾治生產，猶伊尹、呂尚之謀，孫吳用兵，商鞅行法是也。是故其智不足與權變，勇不足以決斷，仁不能以取予，彊不能有所守，雖欲學吾術，終不告之矣。」點出「智、仁、勇、彊」，此四項為商人必備資質。筆者探討商道思想，在垂直面，依年代先後，列舉先秦大貨殖家為例，分別為弦高、子貢、范蠡，以及呂不韋，探討商之意涵為何，大商賈之思想、性格、行為，充內形外，何以成之？值得後人效法者為何？水平面則整理先秦時期諸子對商道思想之論，以儒、法、兵、墨、道家之觀點，分別述之。筆者認為除「智、仁、勇、彊」四項資質，具備尹、尚之長期謀劃，內心以儒家仁義為本，兵家尚勇之精神，法家求變與應變為手段，兼墨家之實踐主義力行之，最終精神昇華，以道家大智慧立於天地之間。此外，筆者以先秦商道思想，與西方相關理論互相比較，亞當史密斯《國富論》、馬歇爾《供需理論》、馬斯洛《馬斯洛理論》，以及弗洛伊德《潛意識理論》。期以建構完整之論述體系，結論則歸納先秦商道思想之意義與價值。 Ancient Simin "scholar, farmer, artisan and merchant", scholar-officials of being, in order to end, The Emperor Han Wu period there was a great historian - Ssu Ma Chien''s historical article, came up with a core value, and rich, is one of the. Objectivity faithfully described business road to riches that this free rank of wealth and music than with, saying " su feng " equivalent to no intention of Crown King, on merchants '' success with social status of exposition given highly. Scope of this paper focuses on the historical records . Colonization biographies contained in Pre-Qin dynasty of domestic business biographies, the other from space by a direct data, indirect data, as well as secondary data, explore the Pre-Qin dynasty thought and theory. Ssu Ma Chien insight to the prophets, in the historical records –The goods breed the biography of Great History . Total colonization biographies to Lurker in the Bai Gui''s statement： My rule, even Yi Yin and Lu Shang, Sun Tzu, Wu Tzu has interfered, Shang Yang''s law are also. Even the one intellectual deficiency and tact, courage not enough to decide, Jen not to be taken to, strong cannot persist, although my surgery, could not learn the truth. Point out "wisdom, benevolence, courage, strength " , these four businessmen must-have qualification. At the same time, author discussing commercialistic thought, in the vertical plane, depending on the age, cited large cargo colonization of Pre-Qin dynasty as cases , patriotic businessman Shien Gao, chord height respectively, Confucian disciple Zi Gong, good fortune and morality " detao-zhu-gong" Fan Li and political economical outstanding scholar L ü Buwei, discussion of meaning, and merchants , and personality, behavior, filling in the form out, why? Worth later generations to follow , why? Horizontal arrangement in Pre-Qin scholars on commercialistic thought, to Confucianism, Legalist, Military strategist, Mohist School and Taoist views, all separately stated . Research of author discussion commercialistic thought, the view that apart from " wisdom, benevolence, courage, strength " four qualifications, and have the long-term planning of Yi Yin and Lu Shang, inside to Confucian benevolence, as this, Spirit and military strategist of Shang Yang, legalist change and strain as a means of Mohist school of practice exercise, ultimate spirit uplifted, Taoist smart stand between heaven and earth . In addition, the author to the Pre-Qin dynasty commercialistic thought, theories compared with the western economic system, such as Adam Smith《The Wealth of Nations》, Alfred Marshall《The Economic Principle》, Maw’s law of hierarchy theory, and Sigmund Freud studying the unconscious mind, to construct a complete system are discussed, conclusions are summarized in Pre-Qin dynasty commercialistic thought of the significance and value.
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