本論文探討過度教育對失業期間的影響。許多國家在高等教育快速的擴張下, 使勞動市場出現供需失衡而產生過度教育的現象。過去的文獻曾在過度教育比例、過度教育對薪資影響等方面有豐富的研究, 而本文將不同於以往文獻, 探討過度教育對薪資產生負面影響的真正原因, 即過度教育對失業期間的影響。我們採用標準差法認定過度教育, 利用行政院主計處「人力運用調查」2000年到2009年共10年的資料進行分析。實證模型為期間模型, 並考慮失業期間的設限特質進行迴歸估計。實證結果顯示, 高教育程度的過度教育者會有較長的失業期間, 相對的,我們亦發現低教育程度的不足教育者也有較長的失業期間, 這可能與高教育程度供給過多, 導致排擠低教育程度者的結果。 Higher education can upgrade personal social status and income, while it may also lead to a waste of educational resources and human resources when amount of high-educated graduates cannot find an appropriate job immediately. This paper studies the impact of over-education on unemployment duration. “Standard Deviation Method” is used to identify an individual’s over-education. We adopt a duration model to analyze the effects of over-education on unemployment duration by utilizing the data of Taiwan’s Manpower Utilization Survey. Our empirical results show that higher-educated workers of over-education and lower-educated workers of under-education have longer unemployment duration relative to adequatelyeducated workers. In addition, the excessive supplies of over-education graduates crowd out the employment opportunities of under-education graduates, resulting in longer unemployment duration for the under-educated graduates, so that the unemployment emerges a polarization phenomenon.
