捷克移民政策現今能有如此全面性的規劃，一方面要歸功於歐洲統合下，會員國必須遵循歐洲聯盟移民政策的建制；另一方面則是因經濟危機的影響，大量移民失業問題，使得捷克政府與社會大眾更加關注移民議題。1989年共產體制瓦解後，捷克轉變為民主國家，因此也面臨邊境開放後，新出現的移民潮。但在經濟、政體轉型之際，捷克未有能力建立完善的移民政策法規。然而在2004年加入歐盟後，歐盟共同的移民與庇護政策幫助捷克移民政策的成形。但在全球化經濟與歐盟債務危機等因素影響，使捷克面臨雙重勞工市場需求與高失業率並存的矛盾問題。捷克內政部也表示，在現今社會中，必須視移民為國家經濟發展的「工具」之一。因此，本論文將以政策分析法以及雙重勞工市場理論探討捷克移民政策，內容架構分為三部分：首先，探討歐盟會員國共同面對的人才短缺問題，必須透過內部與外部移民補充歐盟內部的勞工市場；其次，歸納出捷克移民結構與移民問題；最後探究捷克政府如何反應經濟影響下的勞工市場供需問題，如何建立相關移民法規與政策控制移民人力資本的供需，以及移民政策效果與評估。 Immigration policy of the Czech Republic can be such a complete policy today because of two reasons. The first reason is that, as part of European integration process, all member states of the EU should comply with European Union immigration policy. The other reason is that due to economic recession, a large number of immigrants are thrown into unemployment, and this forces Czech government and society to deal with migration issues. These migration issues emerged after 1989 when the Czech Republic became a democratic country and thus also became an immigration country. In the early days, the Czech Republic struggled with the democratization of its political system as well as a transition toward market economy, and had no strengths left to concentrate on creating a comprehensive immigration policy managing immigration trends. However, the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU in 2004 promoted the forming of immigration policy in the Czech Republic based on the EU acquis on immigration. Nevertheless, the effects of globalization and European financial crisis compelled the Czech Republic to confront a dilemma: while unemployment rate is higher than ever, labor market still lacks certain specialized workers. According to the Czech Ministry of Interior, this situation can be solved through migration and it is even necessary to regard “migration” as one of the instruments encouraging economic growth. To sum up, this dissertation discusses the labor migration policy of the Czech Republic, based on policy analysis and Dual Labor Market theory. This diploma work is divided into three parts. The first part includes a general description of the common labor demands in the EU and how the EU promotes mobility of its citizens and immigration of third-country nationals to supply shortages on the labor market. The second part discusses the structure of immigrants and the problems of migration. The last part relates the above mentioned problems to the solutions in order to realize how the Czech government establishes labor migration policy to balance the demand of human capital on its labor market in response to the influence of economic downturn and the whole work concludes with an analysis of migration policy.
