日本老舖の伝統と革新

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Title:	日本老舖の伝統と革新
Other Titles:	日本老舖的傳統與革新 The traditions and innovations of hundred-year-old companies in Japan
Authors:	歐冠妏;Ou, Kuan-Wen
Contributors:	淡江大學亞洲研究所碩士班蔡錫勲;Tsai, Hsi-Hsun
Keywords:	老鋪;傳統;革新;虎屋;榮太樓總本鋪;Old Companies;tradition;innovation;Toraya;Eltaro Confectionery;老舗;伝統
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-04-13 10:25:15 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	企業的壽命能持續多久呢?1983年的時候。有人認為企業的壽命大約是三十年。事實上，根據日本國內調查，企業經營超過三十年以後，公司的成長會開始趨緩、停頓、甚至是破產。企業若能經營超過百年而屹立不搖，必定是經歷了許多的危機和波折才得以在時間的洪流當中存活下來。而日本經營超過百年的企業數更是居全球之冠。然而，這些百年企業的經營戰略跟一般的年輕企業是有很多不同的地方，因此，本論文則是要探討關於日本百年企業的傳統與革新。首先，本論文針對日本老舖進行多方面的研究。以日本的帝國數據庫在2008年對日本百年老舖所做出的問卷調查為基礎，實際了解老舖的真實樣貌，包括老舖的數目﹑規模﹑種類﹑優缺點…等等。分別整理出老舖的各種傳統與革新的要點，了解它們成功的原因以及目前所面臨的課題。接著，本論文採取了兩個事例研究，一個是起源於西元十六世紀的超級老舖-虎屋，另一個則是擁有一百五十年歷史的榮太樓總本鋪。兩者都是以製作和菓子起家的老鋪，和菓子是日本獨特的產業之一，其中的歷史文化更是深遠。雖然說是日本的傳統產業，但是兩者卻能兼顧傳統與創新並非易事。尤其在創新方面，更是老鋪可以長久屹立不搖的主因。老鋪的獨特經營戰略的相關研究正是本論文的重點之處。最後，即使是老鋪，也有它們需要面臨的課題，隨著時代的變遷，全球化之後，加入來自其他國家的競爭，使得經營環境變得更加艱困。加上日本國內本身高齡少子化的現象日趨嚴重，同時也深深地影響著各種產業。適度地改變對企業經營的確是有幫助的。正如同達爾文所提出的進化論：「適者生存」。老鋪要如何在如此競爭的環境當中以永續經營為目標，將家業傳承下去正是它們所要學習的課題。本論文總結以上老鋪成功的要因，希望能夠對同樣是以永續經營為目標的年輕企業提出一些淺見，參考老鋪的經營哲學，應用在自身的經營理念當中。 How long the companies continue? In 1983 someone thought that the life cycle of a company is about 30 years. Actually, according to the survey in Japan. When a company went through over 30 years, the growth will slow down even stop. Numbers of companies ran out of business. A company can continue for one hundred year or even more is must be very difficult. It had to face many challenges and frustrations. What are these old companies different from general companies? This thesis talk about the tradition, innovation and unique management strategy of old companies. In the begging, this thesis base on the questionnaire for the old companies with one-hundred-year history made by Teikoku Databank in 2008.According to this questionnaire, we can realize that what are the real situations of old companies.Such as scale, type, advantages and disadvantages etc. Next, this thesis includes two case studies. One is Toraya confectionery. Toraya is one of the oldest maker of traditional confectionery since16th century in Japan. The other one is Eltaro confectionery with 150-year-old history. Both of them include the tradition and innovation of old company. Their unique management strategy is the key to be success. In the end, old companies have to face some problem in future. For example, the globalization causes the market becoming more and more competitive. And the “elderly-and-fewer-child-ization ” in Japan influences on the domestic market. To an old company, appropriate change is helpful. Just as the Darwinism says :“Nature selects, the fittest survives”. How to focus on sustainable operation and pass on to future generation are important issues for old companies.
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