智利1990年民主化後之婦女政治參與

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Title:	智利1990年民主化後之婦女政治參與
Other Titles:	Women's political participation in Chile after 1990 democratization
Authors:	林冠每;Lin, Guan-Mei
Contributors:	淡江大學美洲研究所碩士班王秀琦;Wang, Hsiu-Chi
Keywords:	智利;國家婦女部;婦女;婦女參政;婦女運動;性別比例;性別角色;民主化;聖女信仰;Chile;democratization;Gender Quota;Gender role;Mariarismo;SERNAM;women;women's movement;Women's Political Participation
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2013-04-13 10:20:46 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本論文回顧了1970年代初期阿燕德總統上台、實施社會主義，但因施政不當而引發婦女而上街抗議阿燕德經濟改革的歷史事實，及1973到1990年間皮諾契實施威權統治期間而曾經一度地下化的婦女運動。本論文主要探討智利於1990年民主化後的婦女實際政治參與情況，並檢視1991年新成立的國家婦女部之貢獻與作為，也嘗試理解婦女參政的各種阻礙，亦回顧智利自1990年後的多項提升婦女權益的法案與政策，以及所隱含的性別意涵，更分析了智利何以無法實施性別比例制度的種種原因。普遍而言，政治向來鮮少對女性敞開大門，但在智利的過往歷史，婦女貢獻良多，也更有機會立足政壇。然而，本論文研究結果顯示：現今智利婦女仍舊受到家庭與性別角色的影響，持續地遭到聖女信仰、大男人主義等觀念枷鎖所束縛。故而，智利雖於2006年初出現首位女性國家元首，使智利跟上拉丁美洲女人當家的風潮，但性別角色與聖女信仰等等文化因素，迄今仍舊不利婦女參政。 This thesis reviews the history that Chilean president Allende attempted to implement a socialist economic system in the early 1970s, but the socialist experiment failed and provoked women’s protest. In 1973, General Augusto Pinochet overthrew Allende''s Socialist government and imposed a military regime. The thesis also examines the underground women’s movement during the days of military rule (1973-1990) under General Augusto Pinochet. The main purpose of this thesis is to explore women’s political participation in Chile after 1990, the contribution of the Servicio Nacional de la Mujer (SERNAM), and factors that may affect women’s chances of participating in politics. Besides, the author examines all women policies, related legislation or laws in Chile since 1990 democratization and attempts to find out the gender implications in the policies. Furthermore, the author analyzes a number of factors that impede the implementation of gender quota in Chile. In general, the door to get into politics is rarely open for women. Fortunately, Chilean women do have chance to gain a position in politics due to their contribution in the past. However, the results show that gender role and the family expectation still affect women, mariarismo and machismo as well. In 2006, the first women president was elected in Chile, this makes Chile just follow the tendency of “Women in Charge” in entire Latin American. Nevertheless, those cultural factors like gender role and mariarismo continuity affect women of participating in politics till today.
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute of the Americas] Thesis

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