普遍而言,政治向來鮮少對女性敞開大門,但在智利的過往歷史,婦女貢獻良多,也更有機會立足政壇。然而,本論文研究結果顯示:現今智利婦女仍舊受到家庭與性別角色的影響,持續地遭到聖女信仰、大男人主義等觀念枷鎖所束縛。故而,智利雖於2006年初出現首位女性國家元首,使智利跟上拉丁美洲女人當家的風潮,但性別角色與聖女信仰等等文化因素,迄今仍舊不利婦女參政。 This thesis reviews the history that Chilean president Allende attempted to implement a socialist economic system in the early 1970s, but the socialist experiment failed and provoked women’s protest. In 1973, General Augusto Pinochet overthrew Allende''s Socialist government and imposed a military regime. The thesis also examines the underground women’s movement during the days of military rule (1973-1990) under General Augusto Pinochet.
The main purpose of this thesis is to explore women’s political participation in Chile after 1990, the contribution of the Servicio Nacional de la Mujer (SERNAM), and factors that may affect women’s chances of participating in politics. Besides, the author examines all women policies, related legislation or laws in Chile since 1990 democratization and attempts to find out the gender implications in the policies. Furthermore, the author analyzes a number of factors that impede the implementation of gender quota in Chile.
In general, the door to get into politics is rarely open for women. Fortunately, Chilean women do have chance to gain a position in politics due to their contribution in the past. However, the results show that gender role and the family expectation still affect women, mariarismo and machismo as well. In 2006, the first women president was elected in Chile, this makes Chile just follow the tendency of “Women in Charge” in entire Latin American. Nevertheless, those cultural factors like gender role and mariarismo continuity affect women of participating in politics till today.