| 摘要: | 結合管制的目的，依據結構學派的學說，基本上是以事先之手段，防止市場結
構的惡化，以及因此衍生的潛在獨占力濫用的可能，與潛在聯合行為的發生。但我國
公平法對企業結合案的准駁卻以整體經濟利益分析與限制競爭之不利益，二者大小為
斷，此二衡量指標的內涵，卻又混淆不清。致使在實務執法上的准駁存在著相當多的主觀成分在內。
本文由企業結合動機出發，分析個別廠商之所以以外部成長的方式一結合，取
代其他經營策略的理由，然後提出結合管制的特質一以事前管制方式阻止事後可能發
生之行為，可能產生的困難與困擾，再以經濟模型分析，探討在特定產業結合案發生
時，所形成的整體經濟利益成本節省，與因而產生的限制競爭之不利益配置效率
損失。
經濟分析固然可為結合許可與否，提供較為客觀性之基礎，惟在實務運作也將面
臨相當之瓶頸，實務上不易施行。參酌西方尤其是美國對結合管制之方式，可以發覺
其執法仍回到結合後造成市場結構改變為重點。
很慶幸的，公平會的執法，經過十餘年的試驗，也逐步發覺應回歸至市場結構管
制之方向。因此參酌西方的規定而訂出類似之管理規則，將結合管制區分為簡化程序
與一般作業程序。惟在規則上若平標準與條件，仍存在有若干的改善空間。The purpose of combination regulation, according to the hypothesis of Structure
School, fundamentally is to keep the aggravation of market structure, and the potentially
accompanied abuse of monopoly power and collusion off in advance. The judgments of
Taiwanese Fair Trade Act (FTA) upon enterprises combinations are on the basis of the
intensities of two considerations - the overall economic advantages and the competition
restrain disadvantages. However, the inclusions of the two measures are invariably
ambiguous that indeed results in numerous subjective adjudications in practice. Setting
out from the motivation of combination, this study analysis the reason that individual
firm prefers the strategy of external. growth - combination to others in the first place. The
presumable confusion and difficulty in the means of combination regulation - preventing ex
post behaviors by using ex ante regulation are then proposed. Subsequently, an economic
theoretical model is constructed to explore the overall economic advantages - cost saving,
and the competition restrains disadvantages - loss to allocation efficiency, accompanied by
the occurrence of combination in the specific industry.
Despite that the economic analysis can provide an objective basis for judging the appropriateness
of combination, there still remains obstacle to implement operationally. By
virtue of referring the experience of western country, particularly the merger regulation in
US, it is revealed that the key point is back to the variation of market structure after the behavior of combination. Fortunately, after a series of experiment of Taiwanese Fair Trade
Commission (FTC) more than ten years, the way to the market structure regulation is also
gradually became aware of. Accordingly, referring to the experience in western country, the
similar regulation divided the combination regulation into simplified and general operational
procedures can be instituted. But, to a certain extent the further refinements of some criteria
are still needed. |
