BOT招標階段資格限制與公平交易法之研究

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Title:	BOT招標階段資格限制與公平交易法之研究
Authors:	莊春發;徐芳霞
Contributors:	淡江大學產業經濟學系
Keywords:	興建-營運-移轉;投標資格;公平交易法;發包制度;公共工程;準備成本;Build-Operate-Transfer;Bidding Qualification;Fair Trade Law;Contracting System;Public Works;Preparation Cost
Date:	1999-05-03
Issue Date:	2013-04-08 15:25:03 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	臺北市：行政院公平交易委員會
Abstract:	公共工程招標是否應該對投標廠商作資格限制，傳統拍賣理論認為透過市場競爭的過程，隨著參與競標廠商人數的增加，可以發揮市場競爭的功效，促使標價降低，因此可以節省政府公共工程的採購成本，同時政府也可以藉此制度找到市場上最有效率的廠商，社會從而獲得生產效率的效果。但實際上每家廠商在投標時都須花費事前準備成本，最後卻只有一家廠商得標，因此隨著投標廠商數的增加，會使整個社會所花費的總成本提高。故對社會整體福利而言，公共工程的發包，競標廠商人數的增加固然有利於買方政府支出的節省，但也不能不考量競標人數增加帶來準備成本的增加，所造成社會成本的浪費。考量兩方面對競標的社會影響效果，在競標利益與社會成本支出間取得平衡，其所決定的投標廠商數，才是社會最適的競標廠商數。我們認為在若干情況下完全不作資格限制反而是形成社會資源的浪費，尤其是以BOT方式推動的公共建設，規模金額較一般工程大、牽涉的層面廣、計畫的回收期較長、計畫的不確定性及失敗的風險較多，因此事前進行各項可行性評估等作業所需花費的準備成本較高，故在BOT計畫招標時，適當的資格限制確實能達到事前的過濾，並能減少社會資源浪費而提高社會福利。 It is a traditional view in literature that bidding among firms is more drastic and results in a lower bid price as the number of bidders increases. Practically, firms must devote some significant resource costs in preparing bids and such costs may not recoverable. However, the chance of winning the bid will decrease as the number of bidding firms raises. It may incur a deadweight loss for the whole society as the participant firms increase, because the bid preparation costs may incur wasteful duplications. The key point is then whether the benefits of increased competition are worth the costs as the number of bidders increases. For instance, in a BOT project, bidding firms may have high preparing costs, policies to limit the number of bidders may be welfare improving. That is because it deters non-qualifies participants and reduces the total costs involved in the bidding process.
Relation:	第五屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集，頁249-291
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute & Department of Industrial Economics] Proceeding

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