可計算一般均衡模型應用於競爭政策之可行性研究

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Title:	可計算一般均衡模型應用於競爭政策之可行性研究
Authors:	李秉正;徐世勳;林國榮;楊浩彥
Contributors:	淡江大學產業經濟學系
Keywords:	競爭政策;可計算一般均衡分析;油品自由化;Competition policy;computable general equilibrium analysis;gasoline products market liberalization
Date:	2004
Issue Date:	2013-04-08 15:24:43 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	臺北市：行政院公平交易委員會
Abstract:	本計畫主要的研究目的，在於建立並運用可計算一般均衡模型(computable general 叩ilibrium， CGE, model)以評估競爭政策( competition policy )對台灣總體經濟與產業經濟的影響。在研究當中，我們首先建立了一個完全競爭市場結構的CGE 基本模型，其次，考慮我國經濟體存在不完全競爭市場結構的事實，參考Abayasiri-Silva and Horridge (1 997, 1999) ，架構出另一個不完全競爭市場結構的CGE 模型。在短期的情境下，廠商的個數固定，可能存在有淨利潤的現象; 而在長期的情境下，由於廠商的自由進出(廠商的個數為內生變數) ，淨利潤將不存在。在模型中，規模報酬分成廠商層級與產業層級兩種情況來探討，而廠商的定價法則分完全競爭、獨占競爭、及Harris 主觀設定等法則加以分析。我們運用所建立的CGE 模型，以油品上游市場自由化為例，來測試模型在評估競爭政策時的能力。研究結果顯示油品上游市場自由化的確對我國總體經濟與石油煉製業的效率提升，產生了相當重要的幫助，不論是哪一種情境設定所產生的模擬結果都是正面的效益。此結果顯示出公平交易委員會所執行的競爭政策的確對台灣的經濟發展產生了重要的貢獻。經由模型測試結果反應， CGE 模型對於回答大型且較全面性的競爭政策問題是有其適用性。然而在回答公平會一般性的業務執掌問題(如個別廠商的合併案申請)時，雖然就 CGE 模型的運作原理而言也相當適合，但因投入產出細部資料的取得不易，其應用上仍有所侷限。The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts on Taiwan's macro-economy and major industries of competition policy using computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. Firstly, we establish a Taiwan CGE model (base model) with the assumption of perfect competition. Next, following Abayasiri-Silva and Horridge (1997,1999) we incorporate the assumption of incomplete competition into the base model. In the short run, the number of firms is fixed and pure profit may exist. However, in the long run pure profit does not exit due to free entry and exit. In this scenario the number of the firms is an endogenous variable. Firm-level and industry-level returns to scale are investigated. To allow the existence of pure profit we assume different pricing rules for firms. Three pricing rules are considered. They are competitive pricing rule, monopolistic pricing rule and Harris pricing rule. We take upstream gasoline product market liberalization as an example to investigate the impacts of competition policy using our computable general equilibrium model. Simulation results show that upstream gasoline product market liberalization has brought significant benefits to Taiwan's economy and petroleum refinery industry under all kinds of scenarios as stated above. This implies that results of competition policy administered by the Fair Trade Commission should be well acknowledged. Our study demonstrated that computable general analysis is very useful for economy-wide impacts analysis of competition policy. However, CGE analysis may not be suitable for micro-analysis, for example, impacts analysis of merger of two firms due to the lack of disaggregated input-output tables compiled by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts on Taiwan's macro-economy and major industries of competition policy using computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. Firstly, we establish a Taiwan CGE model (base model) with the assumption of perfect competition. Next, following Abayasiri-Silva and Horridge (1997, 1999) we incorporate the assumption of incomplete competition into the base model. In the short run, the number of firms is fixed and pure profit may exist. However, in the long run pure profit does not exit due to free entry and exit. In this scenario the number of the firms is an endogenous variable. Firm-level and industry-level returns to scale are investigated. To allow the existence of pure profit we assume different pricing rules for firms. Three pricing rules are considered. They are competitive pricing rule, monopolistic pricing rule and Harris pricing rule. We take upstream gasoline product market liberalization as an example to investigate the impacts of competition policy using our computable general equilibrium model. Simulation results show that upstream gasoline product market liberalization has brought significant benefits to Taiwan's economy and petroleum refinery industry under all kinds of scenarios as stated above. This implies that results of competition policy administered by the Fair Trade Commission should be well acknowledged. Our study demonstrated that computable general analysis is very useful for economy-wide impacts analysis of competition policy. However, CGE analysis may not be suitable for micro-analysis, for example, impacts analysis of merger of two firms due to the lack of disaggregated input-output tables compiled by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS).
Relation:	第十一屆競爭政策與公平交易法學術研討會論文集，頁359-409
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute & Department of Industrial Economics] Proceeding

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