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    題名: 貨幣沖銷政策的有效性 : 中國實證分析
    其他題名: An analysis of the effectiveness of China's RMB sterilization policy
    作者: 吳維晨;Wu, Wei-Chen
    貢獻者: 淡江大學經濟學系碩士班
    柯大衛;Kleykamp, David
    關鍵詞: 外匯;沖銷有效性;Exchange rate;sterilization
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2012-06-21 06:36:48 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 中國在2000年至2011年間,經常帳和資本帳呈現雙順差,此期間外匯存底快速增加,使之成為世界最大的外匯存底國。為了維持匯率的穩定,中國必須對大量過剩貨幣進行沖銷,以達到穩定經濟、不造成物價膨脹與經濟泡沫等問題,是以本文的目標為探討中國沖銷政策的有效性。
    本研究探討中國2000年至2011年8月間貨幣沖銷政策的有效性,但因中國在此期間有兩種不同的匯率政策,所以將其分成固定匯率政策與管理浮動匯率政策兩個部份來加以探討。本文使用丁柏根規則(Tinbergen Rule)來分別探討兩者的沖銷有效性,若選定工具的數量等於目標的數量,則符合丁柏根規則,此時為最有效率。
    實證結果顯示,2000年至2005年6月固定匯率政策期間,中國貨幣沖銷政策的有效性並不穩定,沖銷難以維持,也許此即為中國將匯率政策改為管理浮動匯率政策的原因。在隨後的2005年7月至2011年8月管理浮動匯率政策期間,研究結果發現沖銷有效性不高,其原因可能為沖銷成本的不斷墊高,使得沖銷的有效性越來越低。
    本文認為中國沖銷政策的有效性難以維持的主因為人民幣被低估,在此低估的匯率制度之下,沖銷成本不斷提升,使得沖銷有效性難以維持。若中國能適時升值人民幣,則可減緩外匯存底的劇增和舒緩沖銷成本,進而避免沖銷無效所引發的經濟等問題。
    During the period 2000-2011, both China’s current account and financial account showed significant surpluses. The concomitant rapid rise in foreign exchange reserves mirrored tremendous growth in the real economy, eventually establishing China as the world’s largest holder of foreign exchange reserves. However, the speed and magnitude of the accumulation of these reserves brought with it persistent dangers of inflation and bubbles in asset prices. The government of China, seeing these dangers as significant, engaged massive sterilization operations in an effort to control the growth of money in the economy. The goal of this thesis is to statistically investigate the effectiveness of China’s sterilization operations.
    In this study, the sample period can be broken into two sub-periods corresponding to two different exchange rate regimes – a fixed exchange rate policy during 2000-2005 and a managed exchange rate policy regime during 2005 – 2011. The role of the Tinbergen’s Rule in analyzing the effectiveness of sterilization policies is seen to be important. Tinbergen’s Rule says that the number of policy instruments should be equal to the number of policy targets. Since effective monetary control requires a control of the money multiplier, as well as control of the monetary base, sterilization policies should employ at least two instruments. In the case of China these instruments have been the quantity of sterilization bonds and the required reserve ratio.
    The empirical results of the thesis show that during the fixed exchange rate policy of 2000-2005, monetary sterilization was not particularly stable. Sterilization was difficult to maintain during this time. This is one reason why that Chinese exchange rate policy changed from a strictly fixed rate to a managed rate. Regression analysis indicates that the effectiveness of sterilization operations was not high, possibly because of sterilization costs which continued to rise over the period. Several policy targets, control variables, and lagged specifications were introduced into the model including a measure of the percentage change in Chinese housing prices and a variable assessing political pressure from US government officials. The thesis concludes that sterilization is not a long run option for China; and that a timely appreciation can slow the increase in foreign reserves, thus relieving inflationary pressures on the economy.
    顯示於類別:[經濟學系暨研究所] 學位論文

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