許多大都會早年因市區機場周邊土地使用受限、噪音限制及運量不勝負荷，而於市郊、衛星城市另新建國際機場，舊機場則轉型為國內機場，這類機場發展即形 成一都會區雙機場模式。最近幾年，此類都會區雙機場模式漸轉型，運用市區機場 接近市中心的優勢，重新定位舊市區機場為區域機場，陸續發展區域之市區機場與 市區機場對飛航線。在區域市區機場對飛航線之成形下，都會區雙機場之市場範圍 與規模、雙機場之市場區隔與功能定位、彼此之競合關係，及探究區域市區機場對 飛航線具備多少市場發展潛力，即成為值得深入研究與解析之課題。過去相關機場 市場研究以機場選擇研究為主，以個體選擇模式、旅客偏好實證分析航空旅運市 場；而解析性市場範圍分析，則較個體選擇模式研究更能分析機場市場涵蓋範圍與 區隔。然而，尚少研究針對於同一城市對航線市場中不同機場對之選擇進行分析， 且針對亞洲都會區雙機場之區域機場對選擇與其市場範圍分析，確為值得研究之重 要課題。 本研究主要針對一都會區雙機場中之市區機場發展區域市區機場對飛航線進 行市場範圍區隔分析，並以松山機場發展亞洲黃金四角航線進行實證分析。本研究 以解析性概念模式及連續性網路分析方法為基礎，進一步將個體選擇偏好與時間價 值分配之實證調查結果整合於解析性之市場範圍區隔模式中，透過同一城市對航線 市場中不同機場對之一般化旅行成本比較關係與解析模式推導，以及運用連續性網 路方法推估雙機場之市場範圍區隔與市區機場之涵蓋範圍與運量規模。透過本研究 模式分析結果，推估松山機場於亞洲區域市區機場對飛航線啟航後在這些亞洲城市 對市場中能與桃園國際機場分配到多少市場、雙機場間之市場範圍區隔與市場規 模。再透過情境分析與敏感度測試，探討重要參變數之影響，並推論雙機場市場區 隔策略意涵以及機場發展參考。 The roles of a metropolis’ two airports have changed. Many years ago, due to urban development, airport noise regulation, and traffic congestion, major metropolises built new international airports and transformed existing city airports into domestic airports. But more recently, this pattern of “one domestic airport, one international airport” for major metropolises has been changed. Their city airport has been redefined as a regional airport, now allows direct flights to other capital city airports, which takes advantage of city airport’s proximity to the city. As the development of Asia city-to-city airport pair flights, market analysis for those metropolises’ two airports has become an importation issue in air transportation and geography fields. Previous studies on analyzing airport market share mostly used discrete choice-based passengers’ airport choice models. Another approach used analytical model on estimating market boundaries of airport. However, few studies discussed airport-pair market and estimate market catchment for city-to-city airport pair flights in Asia. This study focuses on analyzing market area and distribution of a metropolis’ two airports for regional city-to-city airport pair flights. This study integrates empirical preference study in analytical market area approach. Analytical formulations are developed for estimating market area boundaries of a metropolis’ two airports (one major international airport, one minor city airport). This study also uses continuous network approach to estimate the catchment area and market size of the city airport for city-to-city airport-pair markets. A case study with airport-pair flights among Taipei Songshan Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao Airport, Tokyo Haneda Airport, and Seoul Gimpo Airport is provided to illustrate the results and the application of the proposed models. Market area and market size of Songshan Airport for those Asia city-pair markets will be determined. Sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis are also discussed. In addition, it is envisaged that the results of this study will not only provide a better understanding on how to estimate market area and catchment distribution of a metropolis’ two airports but also may shed light on city airport development.
