| 摘要: | 中國與聯合國維和行動：游刃有餘或侷限仍在? 冷戰時期的聯合國維和行動曾被前秘書長哈瑪紹稱為《聯合國憲章》(UN Charter) 的第六章半，意即是儘管並非是載於憲章中的手段，亦不具備明確的法源基礎， 但其行動性質與旨趣，可視為介於憲章第六章(關於和平解決爭端)以及第七章(關 於集體軍事性與非軍事性的強制行動)之間的灰色地帶。基於此背景，本計畫視 中國參與聯合國維和行動為案例探討對象，以實現下列數項研究目標，其一，本 計畫探討中國近20 年來更大幅度維和參與的動機、利益與型態；其二，本研究 希望釐清影響北京維和態度之主要因素與其變遷中的環境脈絡：其三，就制度與 能力層面而言，本計畫的重點在於中國維和的組織改革、決策過程、訓練甄補以 及維和部隊的優缺點評估；其五，關於中國反對外在干預、重視主權、政治獨立 之傳統規範，本研究聚焦於北京當局對於同意、中立以及非武力(自衛為例外)等 維和原則立場之演進，其五，在維和的實踐層面上，本計畫關注以下三面向，包 括安理會投票行為(中國身為五常之一)、任務人力投入以及財政分擔等；最後， 本計畫將對未來北京更深入與更廣泛參與維和之侷限與挑戰，進行評估。
China and United Nations Peacekeeping Operations For decades, UN peacekeeping was considered as a “chapter-Six-and-a-half” action because of its ambiguous legal standing, occupying somewhere between Chapter VI (pacific settlement of disputes) and Chapter VII (enforcement measures). Given this background, taking Chinese participation in UNPKOs as a case study, the study is aimed to achieve the following objectives. First of all, the research project tries to look into the motives, interests, and patterns explaining Beijing greater involvement in the UNPKOs in the past two decades. Secondly, the study plans to identify the major determinants or inputs shaping Beijing’s attitude toward the UN and UNPKOs in the changing environment. Thirdly, concerning the dimensions of capability and institution, the study is interested in the organizational reform, decision-making process, training, recruiting as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese peacekeeping force. Fourthly, regarding Beijing’s traditional norms with an emphasis on non-interference sovereignty and political independence, the study project mainly focuses on the evolution of the principles guiding Chinese participation in UNPKOs, including consent from the parties involved, impartiality from the UN side, and non-use of force in except for self-defense., Fifthly, in terms of policy implementation, the research project emphasized three issue-dimensions, namely Beijing’s voting behavior in the Security Council with its status as one of the P-5s, Chinese financial contribution to the UNPKOs and personnel dispatch on PKO missions. Lastly, the research project is expected to provide an assessment on the challenges and constraints for Beijing’s deeper and broader participation in the UNPKOs in the future. |
