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    题名: 架構於H.264AVC影像傳輸運用SCTP改善RTO機制之研究
    其它题名: A novel RTO mechanism of SCTP based on H.264/AVC streaming
    作者: 林泓宜;Lin, Hung-Yi
    贡献者: 淡江大學電機工程學系碩士班
    李維聰;Lee, Wei-Tsong
    关键词: 重傳機制;影像傳輸;SCTP;Retransmission;H.264/AVC;RTO;Wireless network
    日期: 2011
    上传时间: 2011-12-28 19:23:52 (UTC+8)
    摘要: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP),在2000年10月提出,同時SCTP也被列入標準協定RFC2960中,並且經過多次的修改與新增。SCTP與TCP及UDP一樣,都是屬於OSI網路七層架構中的傳輸層,SCTP結合二者的優點,是一種點對點的傳輸,兼具可靠性服務的通訊協定。SCTP具有與TCP及UDP不同的特色,其中最為顯著的為多重串流(Multi-stream)與多重位址(Multi-homing)的特性,多重串流讓我們可以在一條連線中使用多個串流傳輸資料,有別以往的TCP只用單一串流來傳輸資料,可以避免資料發生遺失時,會影響其他的資料傳輸;當連線建立的初期,傳送端與接收端會協定雙方連線所要使用幾個連線數量,在傳輸的時期,傳送端可以將資料透過不同的串流來傳輸,不同串流中的資料之間並不會有相依性,假如當其中一條串流發生資料遺失也不會影響其他的串流。
    早期的影像串流傳輸,其串流資料量相當龐大,因此在傳輸的過程中,往往會發生串流資料的封包遺失。因此ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T組織Joint Video Team (JVT)合作開發H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding),H.264/AVC將畫面分成三種片段傳輸,I-slice、P-slice以及B-slice,會根據所遺失的封包,向特定的片段互相參考還原成完整的畫面,但是若遺失較重要的片段則無法參考還原成完整的畫面。
    在先前的研究當中,有利用SCTP多重串流的特性,將H.264/AVC畫面的三個片段,分成三個不同的串流來傳輸,提高較重要的片段所屬的串流的重傳機率,以降低其片段遺失的機率,其他較不重要的片段均可透過此片段還原成完整的畫面,相對也大幅度的提高畫面的傳輸成功的機率。另外也有些研究,將RTO機制中一些冗餘等待的時間移除,減少傳輸失敗等待的時間,提高串流傳輸的流暢度。
    而在本研究中,目標降低使用者所等待的時間,以及提高畫面傳輸的效率。在SCTP的重傳機制,目的在於若是有檔案在傳送到接收端的過程中,發生了封包錯誤甚至是遺失,傳送端就會將封包重新傳送,而傳送端會透過某些特定的條件來確認是否真的需要重新傳送,像是累計四次收到同樣的ACK或是等候ACK逾時;我們運用SCTP的多重串流的特性來傳輸H.264/AVC的畫面,將其畫面的三個片段分成三個不同的串流,由於H.264/AVC的三個片段中又以I-slice的重要性最高,為了讓I-slice可以保證傳輸成功而且不浪費等待的時間,所以我們修改I-slice所屬串流的重傳機制,將累計四次收到同樣的ACK就重新傳送封包,更改為只收到一次同樣的ACK就判斷封包遺失開始重傳,也將原本的等候ACK逾時的RTO演算法修改,大幅減少其等待重新傳送的時間。
    SCTP it was proposed in Oct. 2000. It is also included in the standard of RFC2960.SCTP is the same with TCP and UDP, it is in the transmission layer in OSI network structure. SCTP is combined advantages with TCP and UDP. It transmits with P2P, and reliable communication protocol. The outstanding characteristic of SCTP is Multi-stream and Multi-homing. This can apply many streaming in a connection. The difference with TCP is that only one streaming with one connection. It can avoid effecting other data transmission when data lost. When setting up a connection, sender and receiver would consult that how many connections they should have. During transmission, sender may transmit data with different streaming. Each streaming is independent.
    In the past, the video streaming data is huge so packet loss usually occurs during transmission. ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T organize Joint Video Team (JVT) then co-operate and develop H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding). In H.264/AVC, it divides image into three transmission pieces, I-slice, P-slice, and B-slice. It can reference the other slices to recovery the full image according to the lost packet. If the important slices miss, it will not be recovered.
    In previous research, the three slices in H.264/AVC can transmit by SCTP multi-stream. It increases the re-transmission ratio of important slices to reduce the loss rate. Other slices can recovery full image by these, and significantly improve the success rate of transmission. In the other research, removing the redundant waiting time in RTO mechanism reduces waiting time of failed delivery.
    In this paper, we focus on reducing waiting time and improving efficient transmission rate. In SCTP re-transmission mechanism, sender will re-transmit packets when error or loss, and checks if it necessary re-transmits. Ex, it re-transmits packet when receives four times of duplicate ACKs or timeout. We use multi-stream in SCTP to divide three slices into three different streaming. Because of I-slice is the most important in H.264/AVC, in order to guarantee the success delivery ratio and save the waiting time, we modify the re-transmission mechanism in streaming of I-slice. We change the duplicate ACKs from four times to one time, and modify RTO mechanism to save waiting time.
    显示于类别:[電機工程學系暨研究所] 學位論文

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