臺灣廢印表機回收費率制定問題之探討 : 兩階層規劃之KKT條件與直覺模糊趨近法之比較

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Title:	臺灣廢印表機回收費率制定問題之探討 : 兩階層規劃之KKT條件與直覺模糊趨近法之比較
Other Titles:	A study of setting the subsidy of waste printers recycling in Taiwan : approaches of KKT conditions and intuitionistic fuzzy sets for Bi-level programming 台灣廢印表機回收費率制定問題之探討
Authors:	陳柏宇;Chen, Boris Bor-Yeu
Contributors:	淡江大學管理科學研究所碩士班時序時;Shih, Hsu-Shih
Keywords:	兩階層數學規劃;廢印表機回收;回收清除處理補貼費率;回收獎勵金;KKT條件;0-1變數變換;模糊趨近法;直覺模糊趨近法;Bi-level Programming;waste printer;Recycling and treatment fee;incentives;KKT condition;0-1 variable transformation;Fuzzy approach;intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Date:	2011
Issue Date:	2011-12-28 18:18:02 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究利用兩階層數學規劃 (Bi-level Programming, BLP) 嘗試解決台灣地區廢印表機回收清除處理補貼費率制訂之問題。其中高階為社會福利系統；低階為回收處理業者。由於兩者的目標不一致，透過此模型可反應出其衝突之本質。並且利用 (1) KKT條件(The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition)與0-1變數轉換、 (2) 模糊趨近法(Fuzzy approach)以及 (3) 直覺模糊趨近法(Intuitionistic Fuzzy approach)，三種轉換方式，希望獲得妥協之最適解，同時分析比較其管理意涵，以提供未來費率修改之參考。我國環保署成立基管會以推動資源回收，對責任業者徵收處理費用，並補貼處理業者以鼓勵回收作業，處理業者同時給予回收獎勵金給回收之民眾。而高階目標社會福利系統之角度，目標有三：第一希望回收率最大，以降低環境汙染；第二希望補貼費率降低，以增進處理業者運作效率；第三則是希望行政成本比例降低，以促進基管會運作效能。以低階處理業者而言，希望利潤能極大化。本研究為比較不同方法之管理意涵，使用將低階問題轉換為其限制式的KKT條件與0-1變數變換，成為高階模型。另外使用將高階目標、控制變數、以及低階目標轉換的模糊趨近法，另考量直覺模糊概念結合，將原始模型轉換為低階為主之數學規劃模型。分析結果發現，資源化價值的提高，可使得處理業者利潤提升，並且收入與回收率息息相關，另外，回收獎勵金額與回收率成一正向關係，回收獎勵金提高可使得回收率明顯提升，進而減低環境汙染成本，並提升處理業者之利潤。可見本模型相較於基管會費率公式，更能提升回收率與整體社會福利之情況。而0-1變數變換雖然回收清除處理補貼費率較高，但回收獎勵金較低，因此回收率與處理業者利潤都比模糊與直覺模糊趨近法為低。以上分析結果可供環保署上進行費率制訂作業時參考。 This research applies bi-level programming to make a decision of the subsidy to recycling industries for waste printers in Taiwan. The upper-level decision unit is design for the social welfare system; the lower-level unit is modeled as the recycling industries. The different and conflict of these two objectives can be simulated by the bi-level programming model. This research solves the model through KKT conditions and 0-1 variable transformation, fuzzy approach and intuitionistic fuzzy approach, and compares the results of these approaches with current subsidy for obtaining a better managerial control. Recycling Fund Management Board (RFMB), Environment Protection Administration of ROC Government was founded being responsible for resource recycling. The RFMB levy the fee from responsible manufactures or importers, and give the recycling and treatment fee to the recycling industries. The recycling industries also give the incentives to the populace who come to recycle their wastes. The upper-level, it aims to increase the recycling rate, reduce the recycling and treatment fees of waste printers, and reduce the administrative cost. The goal of the lower-level is to increase their profits. For comparing the managerial control, this research applies KKT conditions and 0-1 variable transformation which are upper-level model; the fuzzy approach and intuitionistic fuzzy approach which is lower-level model. As a result, the profits of recycling industries arise when the resources value increase, and the profit are depending on the recycling rate. Besides, the correlation between the incentives and recycling rate are positive. Higher incentives get higher recycling rate, then the profit of recycling industries increased and the environment pollution can be reduced. Thus, this research can improve recycling rate and the circumstance of social welfare system. Lastly, 0-1 programming has larger value for the recycling and treatment fee, but the incentives are lower than fuzzy approach and intuitionistic fuzzy approach. It causes the lower recycling industries profit and recycling rate. The results can be an option for setting the subsidy on waste printers for RFMB.
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