| 摘要: | 台灣地區人口快速老化，加上少子化的影響，造成扶老比由99年的14.6%，到149年預估將增加至85.1%，如此將加重具生產力人口的負擔。「自己籌措退休來源」在98年已提升至28.15%，總計自94 年至98年已增加7.37%。。世界銀行所提多層次之經濟安全體系中第3層的保障，對於老年經濟安全台灣只有私人商業保險一項，顯然不足。
台灣在98年自有房屋比率87.89%，其中91.5％屋主的年齡更高達65-74歲，而且為主要資產之一。「反向抵押貸款」又可稱作「房屋淨值轉換抵押貸款」，在歐美國家實施已經有一段歷史。老年屋主將其房屋做為抵押品，再從其中借提房屋淨值轉換成現金的一種方式，作為主要退休金來源或是退休金補充性來源皆無不可。不同於一般房屋抵押貸款，其現金流向是由貸款機構流向借款人，因此稱為「反向抵押貸款」。
本研究以某大型金控公司所屬大台北都會區（台北市及新北市）業務人員為樣本，因為其具有第一線業務人員與可能借款人之雙重角色；同時內政部社會司已規劃自101年起，試辦「以房養老」業務，初期可能選擇都會區，例如台北市或新北市等地區先行試辦，具有指標意義與參考價值。本研究運用卡方檢定分析，分析業務人員個人基夲資料與接受此行銷概念及受訓之意願；或是以消費者立場認為辦理反向抵押貸款的可行性，作為未來政府機構或貸款機構開辦時之參考。
關鍵字: 反向抵押貸款、老年經濟安全、以房養老、退休金。
The combined effects of low birth rate and the rapid aging of Taiwan''s population has caused the ratio of people in the workforce to people retired to be steadily increasing. For example, It is estimated that in 2010 there was 14.6% of the population retired, and by 2060 this will increase to 85.1% retired. In addition to this, Taiwan neither offers socioeconomic safety nets like Social Security in America; nor do companies offer similar retirement packages; nor will existing private commercial insurance be adequate. Because of this, more retired people will be seeking their own source to finance their retirement; the percentage of people doing this in 2009 reached 28.15%, an increase of 7.73% from 2005 to 2009.
In 2009 the percentage of people in Taiwan who owned their own home was 87.89%. People between 65-74 owning their own home was 91.5%, this being their primary assets. Because of this, older homeowners are seeking means of using the assets of their home to finance their retirement. One such way of doing this is "reverse mortgages" (RM) also known as "home equity conversion mortgage" (HECM). In a reverse mortgage, elderly homeowners use the equity of their homes as collateral for a loan as the main or supplementary means to finance their retirement. Although reverse mortgages have been used for this purpose for some time in the United States and Europe, their use in Taiwan is only in the pilot stage for 2012 by the Ministry of Interior.
This study will analyze the feasibility of using reverse mortgages in the metropolitan area of Taipei. It will use business people from a large financial holding company as a sample, because their staff will be instrumental in carrying out RM and the metropolitan area of Taipei will most likely be the initial pilot area and serve as the index for reference value. The Pearson chi-square test will be used to analyze data from individual-based marketing and training to test the feasibility of RM for future lending institutions.
key words: safety net, retirement packages, retire planning, retire risks, retirement, pension, RM, HECM, elderly homeowners |
