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    Title: 歐洲聯盟的氣候變遷政策及其成效之研究
    Other Titles: The study of EU climate change policy
    Authors: 蒙沛遙;Meng, Pei-Yao
    Contributors: 淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士班
    郭秋慶;Kuo, Chiu-Ching
    Keywords: 歐盟;氣候變遷;京都議定書;全球暖化;溫室氣體;the European Union;Climate Change;Green house gases;The Kyoto Protocol
    Date: 2011
    Issue Date: 2011-12-28 17:15:03 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 1997 年12 月全球38 個國家及歐洲聯盟(European Union, EU,以下簡稱歐盟)簽署了《京
    都議定書》(Kyoto Protocol)來對全球氣候異常之問題做出警訊,也使世人對於全球氣候異
    常之現象有所省思。2009 年12 月的哥本哈根氣候會議,使全球100 多國共同參與討論氣候
    變遷問題,並擬定未來因應全球氣候異常議題之政策。全球氣候異常與生態改變,使各國
    組成各種不同的組織來討論此議題。
    全球暖化問題的解決,需要相當多的時間以及許多的國家來共同合作,否則一旦發生
    災害各國都無法置身於事外。國際上從1990 年代就開始注意到這個問題,並試圖尋求解決
    之道,來限制溫室氣體的排放量,使溫室氣體排放量下降到地球能夠自行循環分解的能力
    範圍內。其中,歐盟身為當今世界上最大且最具影響力的超國家組織,當然也在其中佔了
    重要的一席,然而歐盟之超國家特性也連帶的使其環境合作問題相當的錯綜複雜。歐盟在
    成立之初並沒有將環境相關政策納入其政策範圍,因為在當時,環境保護還不是歐盟政策
    所必須優先考慮的因素,所以最初的歐盟條約中既沒有提到環境保護,也沒有對環境保護
    的重要性做出任何規定。因此當時,各會員國乃針對各自不同的情況來採取不同的環境相
    關措施。
    到了 70 年代,隨著歐盟內部共同市場的逐漸擴大,會員國之間的經濟邊界也隨之消
    失,然而環境問題也跟著浮上檯面並且有越演越烈的趨勢。也因此,歐盟從1973 年至2012
    年,共執行了6 次的環境行動計畫,力圖改善環境相關問題。國際上,《京都議定書》之
    排放門檻因為美國的退出而停滯不前,經過各國的協商,最後在2004 年俄羅斯的批准下達
    到生效門檻,《京都議定書》才終於在2005 年2 月16 日正式生效。而歐盟身為《京都議
    定書》的締約國之一,也勢必需要遵照規定來控制溫室氣體之排放量。在此背景下,歐盟
    在1998 年達成會員國減碳責任分擔協議之後,開始著手制定一系列的氣候變遷政策,其中
    包括了歐盟碳排放交易機制以及能源政策,而本研究之目的就在於嘗試探究歐盟氣候變遷
    政策之執行成效,進而了解其為何得以在全球環境政治中扮演一指標性角色。
    At the time of 1997, 38 countries and the European Union (EU) had signed the Kyoto
    Protocol. In 2009, the Copenhagen climate change conference, caused people whom was from
    more than 100 countries, discussed the problem of global climate change. All kinds of
    organizations are discussing this subject.
    The EU is the most influential supranational political body in the world now, however, the
    characteristic of supranational brings the EU some difficulties in the progress while fixing the
    environmental problems with other member states. At first, the EU hasn’t integrated the
    environment-related policy, because the EU didn’t assume the environmental protection problem
    as the main target. To the 70’s, the EU common market has gradually expanded, and the
    environmental problems has also increased. So, the EU developed an environmental action plan
    from 1973 to 2012.
    Under this background, the EU has started to formulate a series of climati change policy,
    including the EU carbon Emissions Trading Scheme and as well as the common energy policy.
    So, this thesis is analyzed the EU climate change policy and try to understand why it could play a
    representing role in the global environmental politics.
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of European Studies] Thesis

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