| Abstract: | 於一九六六年（Michel Foucault, 1926-1984）出版的著作《詞與物》（Les mots et les choses, 1966）中，傅柯以其特有之思想和研究方式，提出了「人之死」的論點，震撼了從十九、二十世紀以來學術界一直習於「以人為本」的理論預設；他還提出了一個新的概念－「知識型」（l''épistémè），將十六世紀到近代的西方文化史分割成三大知識型，顛覆了傳統思想史對歷史的三大要點－「起源性」、「連續性」和「整體性」。
本論文以「知識」為討論主題，並以傅柯的「非連續性」（la discontinuité）觀點為核心，和其兩大重點著作《詞與物》與《知識考古學》（L''archéologie du savoir, 1969）為主要研究範圍，以了解傅柯如何透過發現歷史的「斷裂」現象，導致破除了傳統思想史對歷史之三大預設論點－「起源性」、「連續性」和「整體性」－的迷思，並由此發現潛存在歷史中的「非連續性」特質；以其特有的「非連續性」觀點和考古學方法，探究在不同的特定時間分期中，知識之主要構成因素與方式。
本研究最終目的在於發現「非連續性」之特有價值,期望能以此習得一種不同於以往的觀看方法，藉以活化我們的思維模式，並拓展生活與歷史之新視野。
Since the publication of « The order of things » (1966) of Michel Foucault, his unique point of view – “man is dead”－has shaken the occidental culture especially the humanism. Foucault has brought up a new conception: “episteme”, in addition, he has researched the occidental history, which is from XVIth to the modern times, and divided it into three parts: the Renaissance, the classical age and the modern times; therefore, he has found out discontinuous phenomenons in history, and further, tried to reverse the three main contentions of the traditional : origin, continuity, totality.
This study is based on “knowledge” and “discontinuity”, and we take the two significant publications of Foucault－«The order of things» and «Archaeology of knowledge»－as the main domain of the study in order to comprehend how Foucault has reversed the basic theory of the traditional history by his unique point of view. In addition, we try to find out the main essence and formation of knowledge in a particular period by the point of discontinuity and the archaeology of Foucault. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the value of “discontinuity”. By the research, we expect to acquire a new different way to explore the world, and to encourage us to develop a new pattern of thoughts. |
