| 摘要: | 沖縄是在第二次大戰時，唯一被美軍登陸的日本領土，自1945 年至1972 年間，受美國管制。日本雖擁有沖縄的主權，但行政權屬於美國。第二次大戰後，日本放棄台灣的統治權，中華民國政府因內戰情勢變為不利，於是將中央政府遷至台灣。到今，台灣便成為民國政府
的主要國土。
當時臺灣對日本作為重要鳳梨供給基地，日本由於敗戰，失掉鳳梨供給線，故以沖縄取替台湾，成為鳳梨主要産地，而在日本市場發展。1963 年，沖繩戰後初次接受台灣勞動者。
八重山郡島與沖繩本島北部，此兩地區成為鳳梨産地，而紛紛建造鳳梨罐頭工廠，隨著鳳梨産業發展，其就成了沖繩重要産業部門。因為生産鳳梨的罐頭必須大量勞動力，然而當地勞動力卻不足。台灣是個先進鳳梨産業的地方，因此沖繩鳳梨業者開始應招台灣「女工」。
每年到鳳梨最盛産的期間，能看到台灣「女工」赴沖繩，在鳳梨罐頭工廠工作的情形，其繼續將沖繩歸返日本的前年，即至1971 年為止。
在先人研究，可見針對甘蔗產業或站在國民政府立場的推拉因素的研究，或在沖繩文學上的台灣「女工」印象研究, 但尚未研究到以鳳梨工廠為焦點，台灣「女工」在沖繩的具體生活及勞動實際之狀況。
本論文,分析當時的公文獻資料與報紙資料等,並台灣「女工」的生活歷史,探討1960 年代台灣與沖繩之間的勞動力移動的過程及主要原因.
Following the United States military invaded Okinawa in 1945, Okinawa had been governed by US until 1972.
As a result of the defeat in World War II, Japan abandoned its sovereignty over Taiwan.
KMT’s ROC government which was defeated by Communist lost control of mainland China and,subsequently, withdrew into Taiwan and started its rule over the island. Taiwan, which was used to be a main supply base of pineapples for Japan, was replaced by Okinawa, to where Taiwanese workers for pineapple farming were started to introduce in 1963.
In Okinawa, pineapples were produced in Yaeyama and north of Okinawa main island, where canned pineapple factories were built one after another. As the industry grew to be the key industry of the area, the factories needed large numbers of workers. Since not enough labor was available to fill the necessity only in the area, Okinawa started to introduce female workers called ‘joko’ from Taiwan where pineapple industry was more developed than Okinawa. Many Taiwanese had worked in the factories during the cropping seasons every year until 1971, one year before when Okinawa was returned to Japan.
Previous studies include those which trying to explain the labor migration phenomenon by push-pull theory from sugar cane industry or Taiwanese government’s point of view, and analysis of the female workers depicted on the literary work. No study, however, has focused on the actual life and work of the female workers.
This thesis studies process and factors of the labor migration between Taiwan and Okinawa during 1960’s. The materials used here include official documents, articles and so forth then, and life history of female workers obtained by author’s interviews. |
