| Abstract: | 在全球化的產業競爭壓力下，即便過去認為傳統及寡占型的鋼鐵產業同樣也遭受激烈的市場競爭，無法墨守舊有現地市場。同時為擴大市場佔有率追求利潤極大化，自20世紀末起全球鋼鐵業開始盛行購倂的風潮、產業間的策略聯盟。日本於1990年以後先遭受泡沫經濟的影響、造成整體產業成長大幅下滑，爾後又受到全球化競爭壓力的影響，為了能更有效將低成本、結合資源、並擴展市場佔有率，邁入21世界以後，2001年先有伊藤忠商事及丸紅鋼鐵部門的統合－伊藤忠丸紅鐵鋼株式會社成立，2003年再有三菱商事與日商岩井的鋼鐵部的合併－Metal One株式會社成立。另外，在鋼廠方面，於2003年有日本鋼管與川崎製鐵的整倂－JFE Steel株式會社成立，目前則有備受矚目的新日鐵與住友金屬的整併計畫案開始進行。
研究目的方面，主要希望藉由日本鋼鐵產業中生產廠商及銷售業者各自的統合個案，來探索過去、現在與未來日本鋼鐵產業的發展方向。並且，期望藉由本論文之研究探悉企業間合併的背景與趨勢，同時結合到本身工作領域並學習如何因應未來快速變遷的產業環境。
另外，本論文中個案研究之研究方法主要是以五力分析來分析總體環境、SWOT分析來研究競爭策略、企業系統鑽石圖分析來探究企業內部系統文化整合、財務比率分析來分析整體的財務綜效。
藉由本論文之資料整理與個案分析，可知企業購倂的目的事實上就是為了提升企業價值、將原有的優劣勢互補、追求長期成長。另一方面，也讓我們了解到企業的合併不過是一個開始，許多的問題仍需從本質上持續不停的改善、發掘問題才能有效解決。而處在此快速變遷的21世紀中，惟有積極的培養企業及自身的競爭優勢、尋找可能的機會才是今後的生存法則。
Under the competitive pressure of globalization between industries, even the steel industry, which was once thought to be a traditional and oligopoly industry, is facing the fierce market competition and can no longer cling to the old market. In order to expand the market share and maximize profit at the same time, the worldwide trends of merger and strategic alliance in the steel industry become popular by the end of 20th century. Japan was firstly affected by bubble economy in 1990s, which caused declined overall industry growth before the country was influenced by the competitive pressure of globalization. In order to effectively reduce cost, combine resources and expand market share, after entering the 21st century, firstly there was the establishment of Marubeni-Itochu Steel Inc. from the merger of Steel Department of Itochu Corporation and Marubeni Corporation in 2001,–and secondly the establishment of Metal One Corporation from the merger of Steel Department of Mitsubishi Corporation and Nissho Iwai Corporation in 2003 –. In addition, in terms of steel plants, there was the establishment of JFE Steel Corporation from the merger of NKK Corporation and Kawasaki Steel Corporation. . Moreover, the merger project of Nippon Steel Corporation and Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd is currently under way.
The aim of the research is to explore the past, present and future development direction of the Steel Industry in Japan through the integration cases of the manufacturers and sales representatives. Moreover, hopefully through the research the background and the trend of merger between corporations can be integrated to one’s work field to learn the way to respond to the fast changing industrial environment. In addition, for the research method of the case study conducted in the thesis, five forces analysis was applied to analyze the overall environment, SWOT analysis was applied to investigate the competitive strategy, business system diamond was applied to explore the cultural integration of internal systems in a business and financial ratio analysis was applied to analyze the overall combined financial effectiveness. Through data collection and case analysis in the thesis, it is known that, in fact, the goal of business merger is to promote business value, complement each other’s advantages and disadvantages and seek long-term growth. Furthermore, it is also known that the merger is only a beginning. Many issues need continuous internal improvement and problem-digging to be solved. However, in the fast-changing 21st century, aggressively cultivate business and self competitive advantages and seek possible opportunities are the survival rules. |
