朱子對《孟子》<盡心>篇理解之研究

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Title:	朱子對《孟子》<盡心>篇理解之研究
Authors:	高柏園
Contributors:	淡江大學中國文學學系
Keywords:	盡心;知性;知天;格物;致知;心即理;性即理;中和;知言;養氣;不動心;jin-xin;zh-xing;zh-tian;mind without move
Date:	2004
Issue Date:	2009-03-16 14:24:45 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	孟子是先秦儒學理論建構的主要人物，尤其<盡心篇>有關心、性、天的說明，更對日後的宋明理學有著極大的影響。另一方面，朱子可說是宋明理學家中最重要的人物，這不但是因為朱子對以往的儒家經典，有大量的註釋與整理，而且也因為朱子對四書的集註，以及對儒家理論之開展，皆有決定性的影響。我們固然不必也不應以朱子做為判斷宋明理學發展之標準，但是卻無法避免對朱子態度的回應。依牟宗三先生之研究，朱子的思想與先秦孔孟傳統及宋明理學家之大宗，有著本質上之差別，果如此，則朱子在註釋孔孟文獻時，應該是有相應之表現。本研究即試圖通過朱子對《孟子．盡心》之詮釋，重新瞭解朱子對孟子之心、性、天之理解，並由此定位朱子之學問性格及其與孟子思想之異同。例如：朱子在解<盡心上>有關盡心、知性、知天時，乃是以知性較盡心為優先，一如《大學》的格物致知，所謂「知性者，物格也；盡心者，知至也」。「物」字對「性」字，「知」字對「心」字。知性，然後能盡心。這樣的說法，其實是以《大學》解《孟子》，而有遠離《孟子》原意之嫌。本研究除對此加以討論外，並將兼及陽明及船山的看法，輔以當代學者之研究，以期為此問題提出較合理之說明。 Mencius (孟子) was the kingpin who constructed Confucianism theories in the Pre-chin dynasty. The most important was his 『Jin-xin』 influenced the ulterior Song-ming scholars a lot. On the other side, Zhu-xi (朱熹) could be recognized as the famous one who interpreted Confucianism volumes as well as developed Confucianism theories. Actually, we don』t have to take him as a criterion but at the meantime, we cannot avoid responding him. According to Mr. Mo, Zong-san, Zhu-xi was much different from Confucianism tradition since the Pre-chin as well as the lineal of Song-ming scholars. If Mr. Mo』s correct, Zhu-xi should had conformable expressions. In this paper, I 』 ll understand afresh about Mencius 』 understandings about Xin (心), Xing (性) and Tian (天) through Zhu-xi』s interpretations. Furthermore, I』ll position Zhu』xi』s academic character by doing so and compare the congenialities and differences with Mencius by Wang, Yang-ming ( 王陽明), Wang, Chuan-shan and contemporary scholars』 researches.
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