幼兒看護與婦女勞動供給--勞動市場進入成本模型之應用

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Title:	幼兒看護與婦女勞動供給--勞動市場進入成本模型之應用
Other Titles:	Child Care and Female Labor Supply in Taiwan--An Application of Cogan's Fixed Cost Model
Authors:	譚令蒂;于若蓉
Contributors:	淡江大學產業經濟學系
Keywords:	幼兒看護;婦女勞動供給;Cogan勞動市場進入成本模型;付費看護需求函數;托兒支出函數;Child care;Female labor supply;Cogais fixed cost modal;Market care utilization equation;Market care cost function
Date:	1997-12
Issue Date:	2013-03-12 13:04:13 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	臺北市：臺灣大學經濟學系
Abstract:	傳統有關幼兒看護與婦女勞動供給行為相關問題之研究，在分析婦女勞動參與決策時皆係依據Heckman(1974)模式，亦即假設婦女勞動供給函數係連續的。然而Cogan(1981)指出，倘若勞動市場存在進入成本，則勞動供給曲線在保留工時之前是不連續的。幼兒看護成本很顯然是婦女進入勞動市場時必須面對的成本，婦女勞動供給函數因此應具有不連續的特性；在進行幼兒看護與婦女勞動供給行為互動關係之實證研究時，應該將這個不連續特性納入考慮。本文目的便在Cogan勞動市場進入成本模型架構下，分析幼兒看護與婦女勞動供給行為間之互動關係。利用1993年臺灣「婦女婚育與就業調查」資料進行估計後，我們發現，如果以傳統的「連續工時模式」設定作為虛無假說，概似比檢定的結果會棄卻虛無假說。另外，與連續工時模式的估計結果相較，以非連續工時模式推估之婦女平均參與勞動市場的機率、付費看護平均使用機率、有工作者的平均工時等，皆與實際樣本平均值較接近；而且所計算出之有工作樣本的實際工時與推估工時間差異的平方和亦較小。此顯示在分析幼兒看護與婦女勞動參與行為相關問題時，如果能將婦女勞動供給函數的不連續特性納入考慮，應可獲得較佳的估計結果。 This paper presents a theoretical and empirical model of child care and the labor supply of married women. Unlike previous studies, we treat child care costs as a mother's fixed cost associated with entry into the labor market. According to Cogan (1981), an implication of the existence of entry costs is that individuals will not be willing to work below reservation hours. A maximum likelihood estimator that allows reservation hours to be nonzero and differ randomly among individuals is developed. Using data from the 1993 Survey of Fertility and Employment of Married Women in the Taiwan Area, our estimation results reveal that the entry cost model is superior to conventional models in predicting hours of work and decisions as to whether one works and whether one uses market care.
Relation:	經濟論文叢刊=Taiwan Economic Review 25(4)，頁493-520
Appears in Collections:	[Graduate Institute & Department of Industrial Economics] Journal Article

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