| 摘要: | 電腦繪圖於建築設計的應用在過去二十年來已經被建築界普遍的接受，然而，近年來日新月異的 電腦繪圖技術已經不再只是用來提昇建築設計的產能而已。電腦繪圖軟體與程式的發展，設計者可以 利用資訊技術設計出比以往複雜許多的形式，在本研究中以「數位形式」稱之－這些形式是傳統手工 所無法完成的。不同時代、社會、或文化背景對於空間都有不同的認知，設計與空間都可以視為文化 與社會的產物。當設計工具開始改變後，傳統的設計程序也將面臨新的挑戰，進一步影響到設計的方 法、風格與產品。 「數位形式」幾個重要的關鍵技術與觀念如下：一、電腦繪圖的技術的進步，繁複的設計圖像可 以有效的被生產出來；二、電腦程式可以衍生出許多前人所無法想像的圖像與紋理；三、模擬複雜現 象的電腦動畫技術被用來創造動態的形式；四、資訊理論研究出許多繁複圖像背後的演算法與模型； 五、新材料的開發、電腦輔助設計與製造技術的結合，使得這些設計圖像得以被製造出來；與六、繁 複、浪漫、與戲劇化的設計觀點又重新受到重視。 「數位形式」藉由拓樸幾何學、資訊科學、生物科學、渾沌與複雜…等相關學科中所發展的模型， 以電腦繪圖軟體與程式模擬出複雜的形式。本研究擬就相關建築案例與國內外文獻回顧蒐集常見的 「數位形式」並加以整理，分析與這些形態相關的數位模型與演算法。本研究中將「數位形式」分為： 超表面、組織構成、動勢構造、演算形式、與形態發生運算等五種方式。研究「數位形式」的主要目 的並不是為了追逐設計形式上的流行，而是思考如何將新的資訊技術應用於表面組織、建築空間、與 都市空間上，以產生嶄新的數位美學與空間美學。 這一波由數位工具所帶來的建築設計革命，是自現代主義之後又一次重要的典範轉移，建築設計 以新的數位工具創造新的設計語言。本研究並不是以產生出複雜的形式為目的，而是探討這些複雜數 位形式背後形成的機制、理論、演算法、與模型。因此，電腦將不再只是表現法或是快速方便的設計 工具而已，而是一種設計媒體，這設計媒體將成為連接工藝與構築之間的橋樑。
Computer graphics have been applied in architectural design successfully for the past two decades; however, the new computer graphics techniques are not only used for increasing the productivities of architectural design. The developments of computer graphics and programming, the designer can produce far more complicated forms than before, we call these new forms “digital forms”in this research, which cannot be easily produced by hand drafting. Different era, society, and culture have different perceptions of space, as well as the interpretations of space could be the representations of culture and society. While the design tools have been changed, the traditional design processes will be challenged, and this also will further affect design methodologies, style, and products. Key technologies and concepts for the digital forms are: 1. the progressing of computer graphics helps the creation of complicated design images; 2. computer programming generates unpredictable images out of our imaginations; 3. computer animation facilitates the development of animate forms; 4. information science develops algorithms and models behind these complicated digital forms; 5. digital forms can be easily shaped through the new materials and technologies of computer-aided design and manufacturing; and 6. complicated, romantic, and dramatic design concepts are put more attention than before. Digital forms make use of the models from topology, information science, bioscience, chaos, and complexity theory; generate complicated forms by computer graphics software and programming. This research will investigate different digital forms through case studies and literature review, analyze digital forms collected, and simulate these forms by computer graphics and computer programs. Five major methods for simulating digital forms in this research are hyper-surface, textile formation, motile tectonics, algorithmic forms, and morphogenetic computing. This research does not intent to advocate the fashion forms now, but to think over how to apply digital forms to the interior design, architectural design and urban design, thus a brand new digital aesthetics for architecture will be revealed. The new digital tools bring revolution for architectural design, which is another important paradigm shift since Modernism, and architecture design implements these new digital tools to create new design language. However, the objective of this research is not the production of complicated forms, but discusses the mechanisms, theories, algorithms, and models behind these digital multiform. This research anticipates that the computer is not only a tool for speeding the design processes, rather than is a design media to bridge the gaps between crafts and tectonics. Through the explorations of complicated digital forms, architects may look forward the future of digital tectonics and architecture. |
