關於現代日語語法中的可能句型，若以事象成立之理由為分類基準的話，可分為「能力可能句型」和「狀況可能句型」。而日語中的可能句型除了典型的「V＋（ら）れる」「V＋ことができる」之外，用來表示〈可能（包含〈許可〉〈容許〉）〉及〈不可能（包含〈不能〉〈不可〉〈禁止〉）〉的還有「－わけにはいかない」「－て（も）いい」「－てなくて（も）いい」「－てはいけない／ならない」「－かねる／かねない」「－うる／える」「－ようがない」等句型，而這些非典型的可能句型和典型的可能句型所描述之〈可能〉及〈不可能〉究竟有何不同，而彼此之間又有著什麼樣的相關性，在目前已發表之研究論文當中，並没有深入的探討及詳細的論述。 因此，本研究以同様表示〈可能（包含〈許可〉〈容許〉）〉及〈不可能（包含〈不能〉〈不可〉〈禁止〉）〉的「－て（も）いい」「－てなくて（も）いい」「－てはいけない／ならない」為探討對象，根據其所描述之事象特徵(一般性・個別性)、動詞之意志性等，分析其句意。首先，依「－て（も）いい」「－てなくて（も）いい」「－てはいけない／ならない」的句型種類(直述句或是疑問句)及動作主體的人稱、動詞之意志性等觀點來作分類，然後根據實際例句和以日語母語者為對象之田野調査的調查結果，分析各類型的用法和句意；最後，透過和典型的可能句型之對照比較，將「－て（も）いい」「－てなくて（も）いい」「－てはいけない／ならない」和典型的可能句型之間的異同明確化，並定義出各句型所表示的〈可能〉與〈不可能〉的意義。 The previous published research on potential sentences in modern Japanese were classified into two types: ability potential sentences and situation potential sentences. In modern Japanese, there are not only ‚V-(ra)reru‛ ‚V-kotogadekiru‛ considered as typical potential sentences, but also other sentences mean ‘can(including ‘able’’possible’and ‘permit’etc.)’ and ‘cannot(including ‘unable’ ’prohibit’and ‘impossible’etc.)’, such as ‚-wakeniwaikenai‛ ‚-te(mo)ii‛ ‚-tenakute(mo)ii‛ ‚-tewaikenai/naranai‛ ‚-kaneru/-kanenai‛ ‚-uru/-eru‛ ‚-youganai‛. However, the previous published research demonstrated potential sentences without providing more detail analysis on the relationship and difference between typical potential sentences and untypical ones; how it relates to the meanings of ‘can’ and ‘cannot’. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to define the meaning of untypical potential sentences ‚-te(mo)ii‛ ‚-tenakute(mo)ii‛ ‚-tewaikenai/naranai‛ that all mean ‘can’or ‘cannot’ in modern Japanese. First, classify those sentences based on different sentence structure and characteristic of events. Then, analyze the meaning of ‚-te(mo)ii‛ ‚-tenakute(mo)ii‛ ‚-tewaikenai/naranai‛ with sentences gathered from novels and from data collected through fieldwork with Japanese native speakers. Finally, define the meaning of ‚-te(mo)ii‛ ‚-tenakute(mo)ii‛ ‚-tewaikenai/naranai‛ by comparing with typical potential sentences to clearly define the difference.
