現代日語中，在表示「事態的發生是瞬間性」這個意思的副詞，有像「突然(に)」「不意に」「いきなり」等這些具有「突發性」的副詞；也有像「すぐ(に)」「しきゅう(に)」「ただちに」「たちまち」等這些具有「即時性」的副詞。筆者歷年來的研究以前者為主，而關於後者的研究尚未觸及到，因此在本研究中欲以後者為研究對象。 「すぐ(に)」「しきゅう(に)」「ただちに」「たちまち」等等這一類在表示「就在那時馬上做～」這意思上是相同的。但是其中有像「すぐ(に)」這種對已發生的事情(「帰ると，すぐに寝た。(一回到家就馬上睡。)」)或尚未發生的事情做判斷的詞(「仕事が終わったら，すぐに来てください。(工作一結束請馬上來。)」)；有像「しきゅう(に)」和「ただちに」這種只能對尚未發生的事情做判斷的詞(「しきゅうにお帰りください。(請趕快回家。)」「ただちに出発せよ。(立刻出發吧!)」)等等副詞。由此可知：具有「即時性」副詞能用在命令句。這一點和具有「突發性」副詞是不同的。 在本研究中將「即時性」副詞用語法學（「syntax」）的方法來了解其構文上的特徴；用意義學(「semantics」)和語用學(「pragmatics」)的觀點來觀察意思上的特徴。其目的在於：考察這類副詞的特徵，及明確其在時間副詞上的定位這件事。 In contemporary Japanese, there are several adverbs that can be used to express “the moment something happens＂: there are adverbs that denote “suddenness＂ such as “totuzen (ni),＂ “huini,＂ and “ikinari＂; there are also adverbs like “sugu (ni),＂ “sikyuu(ni),＂ “tadatini＂ and “tatimati,＂ that show “immediateness.＂ I have previously focused my research efforts only on the former which is why I wish to begin exploring the latter in this paper. “Sugu (ni),＂ “sikyuu(ni),＂ “tadatini＂ and “tatimati＂ all express “beginning something at that moment.＂ However, on one hand, there are adverbs like “sugu (ni)＂ which can be used to modify things that have already happened (“kaeru to, suguni neta.＂ ( [I] Fell asleep right after getting home.) ) or things that have not happened (“sigotoga owattara, suguni kitekudasai.＂ (Please return as soon as work is over.) ); on the other hand, there are adverbs like “sikyuu(ni)＂ and “tadatini＂ that can only be used to describe things that have not happened (“sikyuuni okaeri kudasai＂ (Please hurry back home.) “tadatini syuppatuse yo＂ ([Let＇s] Depart immediately!) ) From this we can conclude adverbs that show “immediateness＂ can be used in imperative sentences. This is clearly different from adverbs that express “suddenness.＂ In this article I will use syntax to uncover the constructional characteristics of these “immediateness＂ adverbs and analyze their denotational qualities using semantics and pragmatics. My aim is to determine the standing of this type of adverb in the temporal adverbs group through the examination of their traits.
