| 摘要: | 現今社會當中，發展經濟是世界各國的關注重點，因為經濟在一個國家的綜合國力中佔據重要的地位，但是我們現在是處在一個知識經濟的時代裡，知識產權和創新型人才的欠缺，會嚴重影響該國家企業的核心競爭力，因此各國對於高端人才的需求也大幅提昇，急切需要大量適應知識經濟時代的高端人才。
人才的競爭已成為一個國家綜合國力的競爭指標，這一方面反映在整體國民素質的優劣，也反映在領導人才、高級決策人物、科技英才、卓越人才、智囊精英等傑出人才的數量上。這種人才競爭的壓力，使得眾多的國家積極提出各種保護和鼓勵現有人才培養的政策，歐美的先進國家也越來越從戰略的高度將視野延伸到兒童教育上。近年來，越來越多的國家或地區以不同的各種形式來加強資優兒童的教育，從而實現戰略性的人才開發。
現今社會的家長也日益重視子女教養問題，普通的義務教育或資優教育已經不能滿足父母們的需求，而開始產生出「菁英教育」。以往，不論家庭背景，只要學生在學業成就上的表現能夠達到既定目標，就可以被分配到資優的班級或學校；但是在「菁英教育」學校當中，學生學業成績要好之外，不但要有多元課外活動的優異憑證，家長還要負擔得起昂貴的學費。而這些學校以另類的教學方式去吸引社會中上階層的學生來源，它們也在教育市場上享有經濟學所謂的壟斷競爭力(monopolistic competition)，而這樣的一個「新菁英教育」也開啟了一條教育市場化和教育商品化的新道路。
基於國家培育人才、追求卓越、保持國家競爭力的目標，資賦優異學生的教育不容忽視，全球各國對於資賦優異的兒童是如何進行教育的工作。因此本研究擬由台海兩岸間的菁英教育作為主軸，旨在研究菁英教育在兩岸教育界來的發展性，以及其對於未來教育市場將產生何種影響，並期盼能達成以下之研究目的：
(一)研究兩岸菁英教育是什麼，目前兩岸政府對於這樣的教育內容提出哪些政策，具體包括哪些法規和內容，其政策目標預期將發揮怎樣的作用。
(二)分析兩岸菁英人才如何發掘與培養教育。中國大陸是目前世界上最引人注目的新興國家，擁有十三億人口，在比例上是世界人口近四分之一，學生想了解中國大陸在全國這麼多人口數當中是如何發掘人才，並且在發現人才之後是如何培養教育這些人才。
(三)探索社會和家長對菁英教育的了解與看法。中國大陸也不乏高經濟水平的家庭，在中國大陸這種「菁英教育」的發展情況如何，家長和社會觀感表達出的反應和接受程度。
(四)探討兩岸菁英教育發展情況，做相互比較，最後分析此一教育方式的利弊得失與其在兩岸未來的走向與發展。
關鍵字：菁英教育、資優教育、超常教育、貴族教育
Modern societies, economic development is the focus of world attention as the economy in a country''s overall national strength occupy an important position, but we are now in the era of a knowledge economy, intellectual property and the lack of creative talent will seriously affect the country''s core competitiveness of enterprises, countries the demand for high-end has increased dramatically, an urgent need to adapt to the knowledge economy a large number of high-end talent.
Competition for talent has become a national competition in comprehensive national strength index, which is reflected in the quality of the overall advantages and disadvantages, also reflected in the leaders, senior policy makers, scientific and technological excellence, outstanding talent, think tanks and other outstanding figures of the number of the elite. The pressure of competition for talent, so many countries have actively put forward a variety of conservation and encourage the training of existing personnel policies, more and more advanced countries in Europe and America from the strategic vision will be extended to children in education. In recent years, more and more countries or regions in different forms to enhance the education of gifted children, in order to achieve strategic human resource development.
Nowadays increasing emphasis on the parents raising and educating children, the general compulsory education or gifted education can no longer meet the needs of parents, and began to produce "elite education." In the past, regardless of family background, as long as the student''s performance in academic achievement to reach the established goal, it can be assigned to gifted classes or schools; but in the "elite education" schools, better academic achievement than students not only to Multiple extra-curricular activities are excellent credentials, parents have to afford the expensive tuition fees. These schools to alternative teaching methods to attract students of upper middle class community sources, they are also the so-called education market enjoyed a monopoly of economic competitiveness (monopolistic competition), and such a "new elite education" has opened an education market and the commercialization of education, the new road.
Based nurture talent, the pursuit of excellence, maintaining the country''s competitiveness objectives, gifted education students can not be ignored, around the world for gifted children is how to education. Therefore, this study by the Taiwan Strait between the elite education as a spindle, to study elite education in the education sector to the development of cross-strait, as well as the education market for the future what the impact will be, and look forward to the study reached the following Purpose:
(A) to study cross-Strait elite education is, at present both governments for the content of what kind of education policies, including what the specific rules and content, and its policy objectives is expected to play what role.
(B) analysis of cross-strait personnel how to explore and develop elite education. China is the world''s most compelling emerging countries, with 1.3 billion population, the proportion of a population of nearly a quarter of the world, students would like to know so many Chinese mainland population in the country which is how to identify talent, and After the discovery of personnel training and education for these people is how.
(C) community and parents to explore the understanding and views of elite education. China has no shortage of high economic level of families in mainland China this "elite education"development situation, perception of parents and the community response and express acceptance.
(D) to explore the development of cross-Strait elite education, to do comparisons, the final analysis this way the advantages and disadvantages of education and its future direction in the cross-strait development. |
