| 摘要: | 身心障礙人權在國際間早已受到高度的重視， 2006年8月聯合國通過《身心障礙者權利公約》，是21世紀第一個國際人權條約，也是第一部保障身心障礙者權利且具有法律約束力的國際公約。至今，台灣身心障礙人口數已經超過一百零七萬人，2007年通過『身心障礙者權益保障法』修法與更名，身心障礙人權在法律上已有相當的規範，至此，身心障礙人權追求的是一個自由與平等的完全享有，能夠全面參與社會。
本研究以身心障礙人權為主軸，運用議程建構理論探討整個台灣身心障礙人權運動的發展過程，包括創始階段、界定階段、擴散階段以及進入階段。以深度訪談內容與次級資料分析國際身心障礙人權發展、台灣身心障礙人權運動的演變過程以及台灣與國際間的連結。故本文擬提出的研究問題如下：
（一）國際身心障礙人權理念的發展過程內容為何？
（二）台灣身心障礙人權運動的議程建構過程，其形成與演變的因素為何？以及各階段議程建立者所採用的策略與彼此之間的互動情形。
（三）現階段在台灣身心障礙人權的發展現況。
研究發現身心障礙人權思潮來自於西方，而台灣身心障礙人權運動亦緊追著國際的步伐。此外身心障礙人權運動的創始與發展因素與台灣特殊的時空背景、民主化過程以及經濟發展有極大的相關性，主要由身心障礙團體、相關社會工作者以及身心障礙者本身與家屬開展此運動，1980年代主要以社會運動的方式追求基本權利，1990年代透過立法方式尋求法律上的立足點，近年來更以人權倡導的方式，提升身心障礙者的自我能力以及其在社會上平權的地位。就身心障礙人權理念的觀點來看，台灣正朝向促進身心障礙者享有平等機會，參與公民、經濟、政治、社會和文化生活而努力。
The rights of persons with disabilities have received highly attention around the world for many years. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities passed in August, 2006 by the United Nations is the first international human rights treaty in the 21th century and also the first international convention with validity to protect the rights of persons with disabilities. To date, there are estimated to be over 1.07 million persons with disabilities in Taiwan. Fortunately, People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act, which was amended and renamed in 2007 has made the human rights of persons with disabilities safeguarded by law to a certain degree. So far, it is clear that the goal of rights of persons with disabilities is to pursue a society of full possession and participation with free and equal opportunities.
With the focus on the rights of persons with disabilities, this study adopts Agenda Building Theory to examine the entire development process of Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan, including founding stage, identification stage, diffusion stage and entering stage. For this purpose, in-depth interview and secondary data analysis are used to explore international development of rights of persons with disabilities, the evolution of Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan, and the connection between Taiwan and the world. Research questions in this study are as follows:
(1) How does the concept of international rights of persons with disabilities develop?
(2) What are the factors making Agenda Building of the Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan emerge and evolve? What are the strategies the initiators of Agenda Building adopt at each stage and what is the interaction of these strategies?
(3) The current development of rights of persons with disabilities in Taiwan
The result shows that the concept of rights of persons with disabilities is originated from the West and the Disability Rights Movement in Taiwan also makes steps to closely follow the international evolution. Moreover, the initiation and development of Disability Rights Movement is greatly related to the specific time and spatial background, democratization process and economic development in Taiwan. The movements are mainly initiated by disability group, social workers and persons with disabilities and their families. They started to strive for basic rights in the form of social movement in 1980s and then try to seek a lawful standpoint by legislation in 1990s. These years, they further advocate human right to promote self-management ability and equal statue in society for those with disabilities. In terms of the concept of rights of persons with disabilities, Taiwan is now stepping forward to promote their participation in the civil, political, economic, social and cultural spheres with equal opportunities. |
