2007年美國次級貸款危機爆發以來產生諸多問題，其中一項重要原因為歷史成本會計轉變為公平價值會計。問題背後隱含著，過去的銀行風險及危機預警系統已受限制；危機的產生究竟是景氣週期還是銀行體質良窳？因此，本研究先探討公平價值會計是否具有價值攸關性，再以此攸關性為基礎，觀察銀行之財務資料、總體經濟變數，試圖找出解釋次貸風暴銀行危機的關鍵因素。本研究以美國商業銀行為研究對象，研究期間，1995-2000年，檢測公平價值會計是否提高財務報表攸關性、然後再檢測2003-2009年第一季銀行危機的關鍵因素。研究結果顯示公平價值會計之實施提高了財務報表攸關性；並發現美國多次上調利率的情況下，銀行逾期放款、違約損失攀升，導致銀行金融資產的品質急遽惡化，吞噬金融體系的自有資本，引發銀行危機。 Since the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis outbreak, the problems were emerging in 2007. One of the major reasons which caused the crisis is the Historical cost accounting change to Fair value accounting. The problems behind the crisis are former bank risks and early warning systems have been restricted. Were the crisis caused by the banks’ health or economic cycle？For this reason, we first investigate whether fair value information is value relevant, and the study period is 1995-2000. And then observing the financial information under the relevance-based and Macroeconomic variables, we try to explore the key factor which caused the banking crisis under subprime mortgage crisis, and the study period is 2003- 2009 first quarter. The research object is U.S. commercial banks. The results show that the implementation of Fair value accounting improved the relevance of financial statements. And found that in the case of raising interest rates several times, the non-performing loans of Banks and the loss of default increased. The quality of bank financial assets were deteriorated rapidly, leading to the financial system swallowed it’s own capital, and triggering this banking crisis.
