無過失責任基礎是一種運用於政策性汽車保險制度所特有的賠償方式，此一制度最早源自於加拿大，而風行於美國，並擴及其他實施強制汽車保險國家或地區，台灣於二00五年修法後公告實施強制汽車責任保險法，有關對被害人的賠償方式也適用此制度，然而觀察其施行法規內容以及實際實施方式，發現與此一制度原意有若干難以配合或矛盾之處。本文內容針對無過失制度的發展背景以及其用意進行探討，並據此檢討台灣現行強制汽車責任保險法及實務上施行之缺失，進而提出合適的因應方案與措施，做為監督機構對強制汽車責任保險制度改進與提升效能的參考。其中就賠償對象而言，在無過失責任基礎下，對於單一事故導致體傷或死亡之受害人(包含汽機車之駕駛人)，亦得於在本法之規定下迅速獲得基本的保障；在採用賠償方式上，為讓汽車交通事故之受害人得於「迅速」獲得基本保障之前提下，應將兩車相撞之交叉互賠方式改為無論多少車輛涉及交通事故，其賠償方式皆以垂直賠償方式為主；最後在保險費率之危險分類中，廢除從人危險分類因素，簡化從車危險分類因素，讓保險費率之繳交能夠藉由危險分類發揮費率公平性之最大效益 No-fault liability system is a specific form of compensation to the victims applied for automobile insurance, the system originated from Canada, and further popularized it in the United States and spread over other countries or regions. In Taiwan, the government amended the law and officially announced the implementation of the Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Act in 2005, the right of victims of compensation also followed the above system. Surprisingly, when checking the contents of the Law, the related regulations, and the practical implementation, we found that some clauses and practice of the Law related to the said system could be inconsistent with the meaning of 〝real〞no-fault system. In this paper we will review firstly the background of no-fault system, as well as its real meaning, and accordingly revise the Taiwan Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Act and its practical implementation. We will concern the scope of who is injured victim, specially in the case of a single accident caused injury or death of the victim (including the drivers of motor vehicles), and how speedy the insurance company could compensate the injured victims no matter how many automobiles are involved in an accident.. Finally, with regard to the risk classification on insurance rates, some clauses of the Law which is inconsistent with the real no-fault system should also be rectified, particularly the regulations of the rating factors involving motorists. Hopefully this paper could be of benefit to the improvement of the Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance in Taiwan.
