| 摘要: | 世界各國由於少子化及人口老化現象帶動其勞動人口結構產生改變外，也因近年來全球景氣經歷金融風暴肆虐，致使人們對於老年安養及中年退休後的生活問題均面臨信心上相當程度的影響。有鑑於此，本研究透過平時耳熟能詳的消費者信心指數來思維，以美國員工福利研究所近廿年來所做的退休信心指數調查作為探討基礎，另蒐集法國、香港、台灣等各國對於退休信心方面之調查研究，以文獻分析法進行內容分析與資料整合。再者，藉以各研究報告機構官方現有之次級資料與我國現況進行深入比較後發現，影響退休信心因素，牽涉到每個人自己的主觀意識及客觀生活因素，有些人基於個人的生涯規劃，希望早一點退休，能對自己後半生有所安排；有些人卻因為經濟壓力的重擔，被迫延遲退休的時間，因著每個人不同的財務規劃、經濟生活條件、退休後社會地位改變、退休金制度的選擇等等都可能直接或間接影響退休信心的決策因素。將其因素分類得知，常見的影響因素有財務安全因素、心理因素、社會制度暨商業保險因素、個人及家庭之差異因素等四大類。本研究主要的目的在於透過暸解台灣地區退休信心影響因素之初探後，繼而致力尋找適合台灣地區經濟社會型態的調查方法與抽樣問卷設計樣稿，提供日後台灣地區退休信心指數調查建置作業之借鏡，並建議可按季或按年延續舉辦該項調查，其精確的退休信心指數統計資料，可作為退休制度規劃及政策之重要參考依據，亦有助於政府機構、學術及相關業界研究之發展參斟之用。
Due to the low birth rate and aging population which changed the structure of labor force in every country, coupled with the impact of global economic downturn, people feel less optimistic about their life after retirement as well as the care they can receive in the old age. In view of the growing concern about this phenomenon, this research draws on the term, retirement confidence, very familiar to many people, bases its arguments on the retirement confidence surveys undertaken by American employee welfare institutions, and also includes relevant investigations carried out in France, Taiwan and Hong Kong, to review the collected literature and analyze the acquired data. After a close comparison between the secondary data available from various official research centers and the statistics that indicate the current situation in Taiwan, I found that the factors that would affect people’s retirement confidence include both the subjective one, their personal views of life and the objective one, their living conditions. Some people, due to their career planning, want to retire at a relatively young age so that they can have more leeway to schedule their life after retirement. However, others, due to the heavy financial burden they bear, are forced to delay their retirement. Other factors which directly or indirectly contribute to people’s retirement confidence include different financial planning, economic and living conditions, the changes of their social statuses after the retirement, and the options of pension schemes. All the common factors can be assigned into four categories: the factor of financial security, the factor of one’s psychology, the factor of different social systems and commercial insurances, and the factor of different family lives. This research is aimed to grasp the factors responsible for the retirement confidence of people in Taiwan. Furthermore, grounded on the understanding the research arrives at, I will also try to find specific research methods as well as draft samples of questionnaires suitable for the relevant surveys undertaken in Taiwan. The outcome of the research can be used as a reference for future surveys on the retirement confidence in Taiwan. It is also recommendable that this kind of survey be carried out continually every season or every year. The accurate data which can be amassed from the statistics these surveys can provide can become important information when retirement systems are to be designed and polices are to be developed in Taiwan. They will also be useful for governmental organizations, academic institutions and relevant industries which will conduct this kind of surveys in the future. |
