中國大陸學位制度之研究

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Title:	中國大陸學位制度之研究
Other Titles:	A study on the degree awarding system in mainland China
Authors:	林詩婷;Lin, Shin-ting
Contributors:	淡江大學教育政策與領導研究所碩士班楊瑩;Chan, Ying
Keywords:	中國大陸;學位制度;雙證制;Mainland China;The degree awarding system;The system of two certificates
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-09-23 15:21:15 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究採用文件分析法及訪談法，旨在針對中國大陸學位制度進行探討。主要目的包含：一、探討中國大陸學位授予制度發展沿革與發展。二、分析中國大陸學位制度之特色。三、了解中國大陸學位制度目前所面臨的問題。四、分析中國大陸學位證書制度與畢業證書雙證之內涵與價值。五、根據研究結果，對我國有關大陸學歷檢覈與採認政策之制訂出可供參考之建議。本研究之主要結論可歸納如下：一、中國學位制度之建構方面 (一)中國學位制度的萌生是受到西方學位思潮的影響，現代學位制度的建立主要是學習蘇聯及美國發展而成。 (二)中國學位制度與台灣學位制度同源，然而因政治體制、社會制度的不同，影響著兩者學位制度的建構發展。 (三)中國學位建構過程既有與國際接軌的理念又保留本土化特質之情懷，而形成目前獨具特色的中國學位制度。 (四)歷史沿革中，學位證書與學歷證書兩證開始分發的時間不同，掌管單位亦不同，此目前仍採分發兩證。二、中國學位制度之實施方面 (一)中國學位制度主要是以國家計畫執行，配合國家經濟成長、高等教育的擴張以及國內人才需求而制定計劃，並且對學位的宏觀調控及品質的嚴格把關，以保持學位授予之質量。 (二)研究生階段除了高校可以授予學位外，科研機構亦可以授予學位，為學位授予特色之一。 (三)三級學位為獨立學位，培養目標分明，碩士為一級獨立學位，不同於歐美過渡性學位性質，亦為大陸學位授予之特色。 (四)中國學位制度可透過多元方式獲得學位，不僅拓寬學習者接收高等教育的管道，亦使學位制度更加完善。 (五)學位制度的管理逐漸放權至省級學位單位及學位授予單位，逐步擴大地方及授與單位自主權，且培養重點轉型為實踐應用高層次人才面向，不僅擴大類型且拓寬招生對象。 (六)學位證書與學歷證書雙證各代表意義不同，因應大陸多元學位授予制度受予不同證書，使雙證具有區分層級與辨別品質的涵義存在。 (七)以就業市場角度而言，證書的重要性主要仍以學位層級及身分為依歸，然而就兩證日趨普遍，亦改變就業市場對其雙證的重視。 (八)目前《中華人民共和國學位法》已經進入草稿修法階段，《學位法》頒訂後將使學位制度更加詳細周延，以確保授予單位與被授予人的權利與義務。三、中國學位制度之實施問題方面 (一)中國學位層級化的觀念嚴重，以致於培養目標明顯的特色成為學位制度培養人才的阻礙，而失其就業與就學自主性。 (二)學位證書與學歷證書兩證授予制度的弊端容易使教育消費者未來的受教及就業機會受限。 (三)學位管理方面，整體的管控不夠詳細，學位授予標準不統一備受質疑，對於學位授予單位數量亦缺乏整體的控制審批缺乏計畫性。 (四)學位培養方面，不僅學科目錄的不靈活，課程設置界限亦模糊造成培養模式的混亂，且學位工作主要在研究生教育，長期忽視學士學位的發展，造成培養學位結構失衡。 (五)學位授予方面，授予學科類型主要集中於理工，結構不合理。且學位授予區主要在東部，結構發展不均勻。另外，授予類型學術及專業學位的比例與國外發達國家相比過小等皆為目前學位授予問題。 This study mainly, via adopting the methods of document analysis and interview, aims to explore the degree awarding system in Mainland China. Firstly, this study starts with a brief review of the establishment, development and current situation of the degree awarding system in Mainland China. Then, the focus of this study is on the exploration of principles and practice of the degree awarding system in Mainland China .Thirdly, this study tries to analyze the characteristics, problems, and trends of future development of the degree awarding system in Mainland China. Finally, learned from the Mainland China experiences, suggestions related to the future reform of degree awarding system in Taiwan, are thereby proposed. The main conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows: 1.The degree awarding system of Mainland China was affected by the thinking influence of western academic degree, the development of modern academic degree is mainly learned from the Soviet Russia and the United States . 2.The establishment of the degree awarding system in Mainland China has been affected by Chinese social and political backgrounds. 3. The degree awarding system of Mainland China has been influenced by both of the processes of globalization and localization. 4.The degree awarding system of Mainland China is a considerably newer development, in comparison with other countries. The awarding of two different certificates, e. g. degree certificate and the certificate of completion of study, can be said as its unique characteristics. 5. The degree awarding system of Mainland China is mainly a part of the national policies, in accordance with its economic growth. The expansion and quality control of higher education have also been the policies initiated by the central government. 6. In addition to the universities, some research institutes are also entitled to confer higher degrees (i.e., postgraduate degrees), subject to the approval of the central government. 7. The educational administration system has been moving towards decentralization. Local governments have been gradually granted power and status to set up their own regulations on the confer of the academic degrees.
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