歐盟電子通訊法對顯著市場力量企業規範之研究

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Title:	歐盟電子通訊法對顯著市場力量企業規範之研究
Other Titles:	A study on the regulation of significant market power in EU electronic communications law
Authors:	戴豪君;Tai, Hao-chun
Contributors:	淡江大學歐洲研究所博士班王泰銓;Wang, Dominique T. C.
Keywords:	歐洲聯盟;歐盟電子通訊法;顯著市場力量;不對稱管制;市場主導者顯著市場地位;電信法;European Union;EU Electronic Communications Law;Significant Market Power;Asymmetrical Regulation;Dominant Market Player;Significant Market Position;Telecommunications Law
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2010-09-23 15:15:02 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本文就歐盟歷次因應數位匯流管制之重要政策文件所揭櫫原則，就歐盟電子通訊法之層級模式進行分析。其次從事前管制與事後管制之理論與效果，與產業管制法規與一般競爭法規之競合或融合關係為立論出發點，進行歐盟顯著市場力量規範之體系化研究。歐盟已從「競爭法與產業法規並行體制」轉向「提升產業法規中競爭規範的比重」模式發展，並引用「不對稱管制」精神，對顯著市場力量企業課予接取指令與普及服務指令多項義務。歐盟自1997年起，歷經2002年電子通訊法配套指令實施經驗，在2009年新公布電子通訊法配套指令中，仍維持對顯著市場力量企業的不對稱管制。相較於過去著重於行為管制措施，現今導入結構管制措施，固有與新增的管制工具能否發揮預期的效果，均為研究的重點。我國市場主導者之不對稱管制議題日益受到重視，本文希能從事歐盟整體之研究，填補國內相關研究之不足，作為立法與執法參考依據。本文共分為六章。第一章說明研究動機與目的、研究範圍與限制等，探討電子通訊法制之法源；並從層級模式理論就歐盟電子通訊法進行分析，確認傳輸服務與通訊內容兩層法規架構。第二章則透過條文的探討，勾勒出電子通訊法制完整架構，並就歐盟2009年電子通訊配套指令修法重點進行分析。同時探討電子通訊法與競爭規範之關係，闡明產業管制法規與競爭法間差異與雙軌管制模式。就競爭指令說明其重要內容，藉以完整說明電子通訊法制規範。第三章探討顯著市場力量之意義，先分析1997年與2002年新舊法制間之顯著市場力量構成要件的差異。除參酌競爭法原則界定電子通訊產品與服務特定市場外，並透過三項標準測試，來分析需要進行事前管制的特定市場。其次，探討在特定市場中如何認定顯著市場力量，就單一優勢地位、共同優勢地位與獨占槓桿三種樣態，從競爭法之優勢地位案例與學說，配合電子通訊相關指令與案例，提出具體描述與定義。從共享權限與歐盟法之補充原則，瞭解歐盟與會員國如何透過如第7條程序進行合作，以進行顯著市場力量之管制。第四章則是分析對顯著市場力量企業之管制措施。歐盟現行不對稱管制措施多屬行為管制措施，係以促進電子通訊網路與服務市場競爭為目的之管制，例如對於樞紐設施開放接取，以及網路互連等特別義務，其主要規範見於接取指令。而在確保歐盟公民之利益之規範目的，例如零售資費的管制、撥號選接或指定選接等議題，則見於普及服務指令。歐盟2009年提出新創設結構管制措施如功能性分離與自願分離等措施，就其內涵與實例加以探討。第五章則透過歐盟電子通訊法制之比較研究，對我國通訊傳播市場中企業參與市場活動所應遵循之法則。就我國電信法與「通訊傳播管理法草案」對於「市場主導者」與「顯著市場地位」之定義、特定市場定義、顯著市場地位之認定方式、課予義務類型相關規定，以及實際發生之行政處分、訴願決定書、行政訴訟判決，加以比較檢討並提出立法與修法建議。第六章則是結論。 This dissertation focuses on the regulation of significant market power (SMP) in the European Union (EU) electronic communications law. Ever since the phenomenon of digital convergence in 1990’s, there have been lots of reforms and key developments in the EU electronic communications law. This study discusses the SMP regulatory framework linking sector-specific regulation and general competition law in a novel way. It gives a general presentation of the imposition of remedies (e.g. behavioural remedies, structural remedies) upon undertakings with SMP. This dissertation hoped that can provide lessons to be learned from the SMP regulatory framework of European Union. There are six-chapter. Chapter One outlines the motive and purpose, limitation and scope of the study. It discusses the sources of electronic communications law and analyzes “Network Layers Mode” theory in EU. Chapter Two focuses on the communications regime set up in 2002 and the reforms in the new package of rules for 2009 Europe''s electronic communications networks and service. Furthermore, it discusses the relationship between electronic communications law and competition law, the difference of the imposition of ex-ante and ex-post regulation, and the dual regulatory approaches. Chapter Three defines the relevant product and service markets within the electronic communications sector and analyzes ex ante regulation on specific markets by three criteria tests. Moreover, it discusses how to determine SMP in each specific market. By examining cases and theories related to SMP in competition law under the EU regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services, it tries to clarify the concept of SMP in its three categories of single dominance, joint dominance, and monopoly leveraging respectively. Based on share competence and principle of subsidiary in EU law, it points out how member states and EU cooperate by applying the Article 7 procedure. In Chapter Four, according to the rule of asymmetrical regulation, it discusses the NRA imposes on the SMP undertakings the appropriate behavioural remedies chosen from the list of options provided in the Access Directive for wholesale markets and in the Universal Service Directive for retail markets. By using relevant cases and theories, it expounds the new structural remedies, functional separation, and voluntary separation in the 2009 Access Directive. In Chapter Five, it argues that the introduction of asymmetric regulation on “Dominant Market Player” in the Telecommunication Act of Taiwan is controversial and problematic. Accordingly, the draft of “Communications Regulator Act” proposed by the National Communications Commission has adopted several provisions in order to cope with the significant market position problems. As the conclusion, it suggests lessons that may be learned from the EU electronic communications legislation and its implication experience. Chapter Six briefly summarizes the proposition in each chapter and concludes the whole study.
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