| 摘要: | 科索沃在2008年2月17日宣布獨立，並受到多數歐美國家的支持。科索沃處於巴爾幹半島，此地區是中東、亞、歐來往的必經要道，自古以來便是外來強權的爭奪之地，加上種族複雜、文化差異、民風強悍，各巴爾幹民族彼此大小衝突不斷，容易讓外來者趁勢介入此地區的政治事務。因此國際社群的態度及干預就變成了影響科索沃獨立的重要關鍵，特別是歐、美、俄等強權國家。
科索沃的獨立建國之所以重要，在於背後具有多項指標性的意義，因為它碰觸的是一國內政中最敏感的民族自決議題，突顯了巴爾幹區域衝突與歐洲安全的隱憂，更牽動了歐、美、俄群雄之間的競合關係。本論文所探討的議題主要有如下三點：
一、科索沃與大國之間的戰略利益。歐、美、俄等強權在巴爾幹半島都有巨大的戰略利益，三方面皆體認到能藉科索沃的問題，突顯自身在全球戰略的重要性，進一步壓縮對方的權力擴張。
二、國際社群在科索沃衝突上的干預行動。以歐洲國家、美國、俄羅斯、北約與聯合國等國際角色，從科索沃衝突的演變及其戰爭的爆發，到戰後聯合國主導重建工作的干預行動做為主要研究的重點。
三、國際社群對科索沃最終政治地位的認知與干涉。科索沃能夠獨立，關鍵因素在於歐美國家的支持以及聯合國的開放態度。然而歐美國家原本也同俄羅斯持反對立場，後來卻轉而贊成科索沃的獨立，其中態度的轉折值得探究。此外也從國際法的角度來探討科索沃獨立的法源基礎，以及歐、美、俄三駕馬車主導科索沃最終政治地位的談判。
Kosovo declares independence in 17 February 2008, and receives the supports from most of the European and American countries. Kosovo located in the Balkans where is a channel between Middle East, Asia, and Europe, and had been invaded by foreign powers since ancient time. In addition to racial complexity, cultural diversity, fierce people there results in a lot of ethnic conflict in the Balkans, paving the way for outsiders to intervene the regional political affairs. Therefore, the international community''s attitude and intervention become the key points of Kosovo''s independence, especially those of European countries, the United States, and Russia.
Kosovo''s independence is substantial, because it has a number of indicative significance, it touches the most sensitive affair of the national self-determination, and it highlights the regional conflict in the Balkans and the European’s security, but also shows relations of competition and cooperation between European countries, the United States, and Russia. The thesis focuses on the following sections:
1. Between Kosovo and the strategic interests of major powers. European countries, the United States, and Russia realize that they could highlight their importance in the global strategy by Kosovo issue, further reduce the power of the other expansion.
2. The international community''s intervention during the Kosovo conflict. The study focus on the intervention from international community such as European countries, the United States, Russia, NATO, and the United Nations, from the evolution during the conflict and the outbreak of the Kosovo war, to the United Nations-led Kosovo’s postwar reconstruction.
3. The international community''s recognition and interference on Kosovo''s final political status. Kosovo is independent, and the key point is the supports from most of the European countries, and the open attitude of the United Nations. However, European and American countries had held the same opposition as Russian at first, but later turned in favor of Kosovo''s independence. Moreover, also to explore the subject of the Kosovo’s independence by the perspective of international law, and EU/U. S./Russia Troika on Kosovo. |
