| 摘要: | 20世紀70年代，墨西哥僅發生零星幾起的綁架案件，且多為激進份子為達其政治訴求所採取的手段。80年代，墨西哥同拉美國家陷入經濟發展和債務危機，此時期也開始出現經濟類型的綁架勒贖案件。90年代，新自由主義改革下所引發的弊端，讓墨西哥面臨社會貧富懸殊、所得分配不均和貪腐嚴重等問題。在多數民眾生活陷入困境的情況之下，綁架勒贖成為謀取生活經濟來源的犯罪方式之一。
近年來墨西哥的綁架犯罪日益猖獗，2006年底墨西哥政府揭起反毒戰爭的旗幟後也使得綁架案件暴增。2008年8月總部位於荷蘭的非政府和平組織(Pax Christi)正式宣告，墨西哥成為全世界綁架犯罪問題最嚴重的國家，綁架大國的臭名重創墨西哥的國際形象，墨西哥政府也開始制定相關的打擊綁架犯罪的政策。
本論文係以犯罪學理論中日常活動理論和理性選擇理論的觀點，來檢視墨西哥的綁架犯罪問題之發展與近年來惡化的主要原因，探討為何墨西哥會成為綁架犯罪的溫床？
In the 1970s of the 20th century, only random kidnaps occurred in Mexico, which were adopted by radicals as ways for political appeals. In the 80s, along with other Latin American countries, Mexico stumbled into economic crisis with huge debts, during which time economic kidnaps for ransoms started to appear. In the 90s, corruptions caused by new freedom reforms brought Mexico face to face with widening social wealth gap, income discrepancies and serious corruptions. With the majority of people trapped in financial difficulties, kidnaps for ransom became a criminal way to gain living resources.
The kidnapping crime of Mexico has been increasingly rampant in recent years. The Anti-drug war launched by the Mexico Government at the end of 2006 also triggered the explosion of kidnapping cases. In August, 2008, the non-government peace organization Pax Christi, headquartered at Holland, formally announced that Mexico had become the country with the most serious kidnapping crimes in the world, which had dealt a heavy blow to the international image of Mexico. As a result, the government of Mexico started to formulate relative policies to deal with the kidnapping crimes.
Based on the views from The Routine Activity Theory and The Rational Choice Theory of the Crime Theory, this thesis aims to look into the development of the kidnapping problem in Mexico and the primary cause for this worsening problem in recent years. In addition, this thesis will also investigate why Mexico became the hotbed of the kidnapping crime. |
