誘發當代俄羅斯民族主義思潮有很多歷史上的因素，是由俄羅斯國內政治、經濟與文化等因素經過相當複雜的交互作用，在俄羅斯社會產生的民族認同危機。大規模的外來移民提供俄羅斯民族主義運動和思潮擴展的基礎。本論文旨在透過政治實踐和理論分析當代俄羅斯民族主義的主要特徵，而這個大範圍的比較研究根本的限制在其主要的原則和趨勢方面。 筆者認為民族主義在本質上是一個近代和尤其是現代性的意識形態。就其本身而論，它與俄羅斯歷史和文明所創造出來的精神性現實是不相符合的。實質上這是一種「帝國的」或者是「超民族的」意識型態存在於一個多民族的國家中。 因此，俄羅斯民族主義存在著許多矛盾，其中最主要的矛盾是將其認為是俄羅斯做為全球化的力量，和在本質上將俄羅斯認同看作為是全球化的。從俄羅斯民族主義者的作品中，可以發現他們想要將俄羅斯人民定義為民族的「本體」和創造俄羅斯民族的確是一件很困難的任務。這也是為什麼在俄羅斯民族主義運動影響有限的原因之一。 筆者分析幾位當代俄羅斯民族主義思想家的觀點：包括阿維里雅諾夫（V. Averianov, В. Аверьянов）、哈爾瑪郭拉夫（E. Kholmogorov, Е. Холмогоров）、沙瑪瓦洛夫（A. Samovarov, А. Самоваров）、謝瓦斯季亞諾夫（A. Sevastianov, А. Севастьянов）、列民若夫（M. Remizov, М. Ремизов）等人提出對俄羅斯民族主義思想的內容。對於當代俄羅斯民族主義政黨和運動的歷史也有一些程度上的研究。 值得注意的是政治精英對民族主義意義含糊不清的態度。當他們一方面試圖對民族主義採取嚴格的限制，一方面同時也利用民族主義思想和感覺來達到其政治目的。 The recent Russian history is marked by the upsurge of Nationalism of various kinds. This tendency has many political, economic and cultural roots related mainly to the current political and economic crisis but above all the crisis of identity in Russian society. In massive influx of migrants has contributed a lot to the spread of nationalist movements and thought. This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the main features of contemporary Russian nationalism both in its practice and in its theory. Such large-scale comparative study has to be limited to the main principles and tendencies only. The author concedes that nationalism is in essence a modern and in particular modernizing ideology. As such it does not fit well realities of Russian mentality shaped by Russian history and civilization. This is essentially a mentality of imperial or “supra-national” type existing in a multi-national country. As a result, Russian nationalism has many contradictions, the most relevant among them being the tendency to think of Russia as a global power and treat Russian identity as essentially global. The task to formulate a national “essence” of Russian people and create Russian nation at least on paper has proved to be too difficult for Russian nationalists. This is one of the reasons why nationalist movements in Russia have very limited influence. The author has analyzed the views of several thinkers who belong to the new generation of Russian nationalists: V. Averianov, E. Kholmogorov, A. Samovarov, A. Sevastianov, M. Remizov at al. The history of modern nationalist parties and movements in Russia is also studied to some extent. One should also note the ambiguous attitude of ruling elite to nationalism. While trying to keep nationalism in strictly defined limits it also makes use of nationalist thinking and feeling for pragmatic political purposes.
