| Abstract: | 清水磚為一古老之建材，若干世紀以來，材料本身的演變不大，然而工法的改進卻很大。台灣在清末以及日據時代，磚造基本維持著傳統之磚造工法。國民政府遷台以後，日本殖民時期之營建系統基本上形成斷層現象，磚造已少用，而代之以RC構，因此，台灣的磚造工法在光復後的半個世紀中，不僅沒有太大的改變，而且人工與技術都在快速的流失之中。在東南亞，傳統磚造工法的應用仍屬普遍，知識與技術大都仍保留在各地的營建系統中。然而，磚造工法在西方先進的歐美國家中，則起了巨大的變化。 歐美國家的營建系統受到工業化的影響至巨，由十九世紀一直延續企今，而在磚造工法的改變上尤為典型。傳統的磚造承重牆系統，普遍為鋼筋混凝土﹝RC﹞或鋼構的樑柱系統所取代。傳統磚造仍然存在，然而大部分的磚造轉為裝飾性或充填性材料。 本研究案企圖將｢清水磚｣從傳統的｢結構性材料｣，轉變成｢裝飾性材料｣，亦即從「主體的」材料改變成｢包被的｣材料。台灣合院、街屋中的清水磚是承重牆的角色，為建築的主結構，本案則試圖探討清水磚的裝飾性角色。此一嘗試企圖將台灣行之有年的｢簡單RC外牆加面磚飾材｣系統，作一本質性的改變，她將使得台灣普遍使用的外牆系統由｢單一構造｣，進入｢複合構造｣的時代。本質上則從｢濕式施工｣改變成｢乾式施工｣的思維邏輯。而在工程品質與營建管理上，也必須提升至多功能、節能永續、精緻營建的｢複雜外牆系統｣。 Brick is a very old building material. Changes have not been made to the material itself for centuries. Yet, the construction method has been improved quit bit. During the Late Chin Dynasty and the Japanese occupied period, the brick construction in Taiwan is basically the traditional load bearing wall system. After World War II, there was a big gap between the Japanese construction and the construction of the new Chinese government. Brick construction gradually took place by reinforced concrete construction. So the brick construction in the second half of the 20th century of Taiwan was actually eroded both in the knowledge and the craftsmanship. In South Eastern Asia, the industrialization was not as fast as western world; the traditional brick construction is still popular as a major construction method even now. However, the change in brick construction is gigantic in the western world. Load bearing wall construction is still practicing, however, the RC and steel structure cooped with the post and lintel system, the brick material has been used for as infill, or decorative material instead of the structural material. The method of the study is structured through the collaboration of the practicing architect, manufacturer, and the construction contractor. There will be a standard operation process of “Feed Back and Refinement” established to balance and check the results of the study be needed, and feasible to the building industry. The research will composed of two major sectors; one is the documentary review, the other is the field investigation. The documentary review includes the analysis and categorization of the detailing from the working drawings and the specifications. The field inspection is to find the alterations and the reasons of the alterations in the field. We will also collect suggestions from the field persons in both the construction management and the quality control perspectives. The study tends to make use of the brick more as a veneer material than the structural material. The characteristic of the brick is altered from the monolithic material to the layered material, or say the wrapping material. It is the skin rather than the skeleton of the building. In order to do this, the construction in Taiwan has to change from the simple exterior wall system (15 cm RC wall with tile surfacing) to the multifunctional, sophisticated exterior wall design and construction. It is also from the concept of wet construction to dry construction, from the rough construction to delicate field operation, from labor depending operation to machinery assisted operation. It is the necessary step to overcome the challenge of sustainable building design and construction. |
