關於現代日語語法中的可能句型，若以事象成立之理由為分類基準的話，可分為「能力可能句型」和「狀況可能句型」。而日語中的可能句型除了典型的「V＋（ら）れる」「V＋ことができる」之外，用來表示〈可能〉及〈不可能〉的還有「－わけにはいかない」「－てもいい」「－てはいけない」「－かねる／かねない」「－うる／える」「－ようがない」等句型，而這些非典型的可能句型和典型的可能句型所描述之〈可能〉及〈不可能〉究竟有何不同，而彼此之間又有著什麼樣的相關性，在目前已發表之研究論文當中，並没有深入的探討及詳細的敘述。 因此，本研究以同様表示〈不可能（不能）〉的「－わけにはいかない」「－かねる」「－ようがない」為探討對象，根據其所描述之事象特徵，分析其句意。首先，依「－わけにはいかない」「－かねる」「－ようがない」所接續的詞類及句型結構不同來作分類，然後根據實際例句和以日語母語者為對象之田野調査的調查結果，分析各類型的用法和句意；最後，透過和典型的可能句型之對照比較，將「－わけにはいかない」「－かねる」「－ようがない」和典型的可能句型之間的異同明確化，並定義出各句型所表示的〈不可能〉的意義。 The previous published research on potential sentences in modern Japanese were classified into two types: ability potential sentences and situation potential sentences. In modern Japanese, there are not only ‚V-(ra)reru‛ ‚V-kotogadekiru‛ considered as typical potential sentences, but also other sentences mean ‘possible’ and ‘impossible’, such as ‚-wakeniwaikenai‛ ‚-temoii‛ ‚-tewaikenai‛ ‚-kaneru/-kanenai‛ ‚-uru/-eru‛ ‚-youganai‛. However, the previous published research demonstrated potential sentences without providing more detail analysis on the relationship and difference between typical potential sentences and untypical ones, how it relates to the meanings of ‘possible’ and ‘impossible’. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to define the meaning of untypical potential sentences ‚-wakeniwaikanai‛‛-kaneru‛‛-youganai‛that all mean ‘impossible’ in modern Japanese. First of all, classify those sentences based on different sentence structure. Then, analyse the meaning of ‚-wakeniwaikanai‛ ‛-kaneru‛‛-youganai‛ with sentences gathered from novels and from data collected through fieldwork with Japanese native speakers. Finally, define the meaning of ‚-wakeniwaikanai‛ ‛-kaneru‛‛-you -ganai‛ by comparing with typical potential sentences to clearly define the difference.
