| Abstract: | 1871（同治10・明治4）年11月，一艘結束向琉球王國中山王進貢的宮古島進貢船於回程途中漂流至臺灣的東南部，上岸的人員中有54人不幸地慘遭當地排灣族先住民（高士佛社、牡丹社）的殺害。適逢日本明治維新期，日本政府為了能夠跟西洋諸國並列其驅、致力解決德川幕府末期以來的條約改正諸問題，陸續派遣柳原前光、副島種臣等人前往清國交涉修訂「中日修好條規」，藉以泯除歐美各國對於中日同盟的疑慮及刪除原條約中的不平等條文以達到與其他國家同等的國際地位。當琉球民在臺灣的遭難事件消息傳回日本的同時，柳原前光在清國取得了臺灣「番人」為「化外之民」的清朝官吏的推託之辭。而此時的日本國內，向來與琉球有著密關係的薩摩（日後的鹿兒島縣），因為自1609年入侵琉球以來，即將琉球王國納入其屬地，因此在得知琉球人民遭到臺灣先住民殺害時，從薩摩至東京立刻掀起撻伐臺灣的輿論，而其中最為引人注目的就是1895（光緒21・明治28）年臺灣成為日本殖民地時擔任第一任臺灣總督的樺山資紀。
樺山資紀在得知琉球民的臺灣遭難事件的消息後即刻啟程前往東京，向陸軍省提出嚴懲臺灣「番民」之議，並在西鄉隆盛等有力人士的支持之下，得到日本太政官下達的正式命令，被派遣前往清國與臺灣從事視察活動。透過樺山的日記——『臺灣記事』，可以明白身為薩摩軍人的樺山如何以不同角度來看待此一事件。
本論文旨在以『臺灣記事』的作成時間為縱軸，樺山的空間移動與當代臺灣的動向為橫軸，交織織出樺山的第一次臺灣踏查與第二次臺灣踏查。藉由樺山遍及淡水、基隆、宜蘭、南澳、高雄、屏東、臺南，乃至臺灣西半部的足跡的臺灣踏查以及他身為軍人的獨特視野來闡明1874（同治13・明治4）年日本出兵臺灣前的種種跡象。本文特別針對地政關係、外國人足跡、清朝官吏、戰術・戰略的見解等四大方向加以解說。加以說明臺灣事件造成長期為清朝、東亞秩序的華夷思想與朝貢體制之崩壞和此事件引起日後的琉球處分以及日本往後的對外侵略之影響。並藉由舊照片來突顯出臺灣的往昔、最後輔以與本文相關的『臺灣記事』之摘要及年表，以供參考。
In November 1871, after a tributary boat of Miyako Island offered up tribute to the Ryukyu Emperor, it drifted to the southeastern coast of Taiwan on its return voyage. Among those landing the coast, 54 were killed by aborigines from Kaoshihfo and Mutan villages. This incident took place just during the Meiji Restoration time when the Government devoted to solve various problems since the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate by dispatching Iwakura-envoy to the western countries,Yanagihara Sakimitsu and Soejima Taneomi to Qing Dynasty to revise “a treaty of amity between Sino-Japanese”.To clear the Western countries’ doubts of an alliance between Sino-Japanese , and to achieve an advantage over Qing Dynasty in concluding treaties. The scandalous news of Taiwan reached Ryuku and Tokyo. Yanagihara accused the Qing government for the affairs in Taiwan. However, the Qing government, to oppose this accusation quited Taiwanese Aborigines as “uncivilized people,” and denied the responsibility. And for this statement made by Qing, Japanese took action to punish the aborigines of Taiwan.At the time when this affair reached Japan, the people of Satsuma believed they had the right to solve the problems of Ryukyu and punish the Aborigines of Taiwan.
After Kabayama Sukenori was informed of this news, he starts on a journey to go to Tokyo immediately , to the Department of War. To suggest punishment towards the Taiwanese Aborigines. He received the order from Dajyoukan, and was dispatched to Qing and Taiwan to Investigate this affair. Interestingly, 20 years later, in 1895 Kabayama was named the first governor of Taiwan as a Japanese colony. In probing through the diary of Kabayama——“The Taiwan''s Description Report”. One may understand how the event was reflected in different viewpoints of Satsuma Officials, and Kabayama Sukenori.
The purpose of this thesis is to take “The Taiwan''s Description Report” to make the time as the ordinate axis, and Kabayama’s migration and the contemporary Taiwan''s trend as abscissa axis and intertwine. Kabayama’s first Taiwan reconnaissance and the second Taiwan reconnaissance. To expound the 1874 Japanese Dispatch of Troops to Taiwan, through Kabayama’s unique field of vision and he’s precise survey. Especially he’s aims at the land administration relations, the foreigner trail, the Qing Dynasty government official, and the tactical strategy opinion on orientations illustrated. Explaining it’s incident of tributary system and its collapse, Sino centrism, Ryukyu disposal as well as influence of the Japanese in the foreign aggression. Finally with Taiwan’s photos and thesis correlation with “The Taiwan''s Description Report” and chronological table is supplied as reference. |
