《爾雅‧釋親》親屬關係之文化詮釋

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Title:	《爾雅‧釋親》親屬關係之文化詮釋
Other Titles:	"Er-ya Shi-qin": a cultural interpretation of relatives relations 爾雅‧釋親親屬關係之文化詮釋
Authors:	王盈方;Wang, Ying-fang
Contributors:	淡江大學中國文學系碩士班盧國屏;Lu, Guo-ping;韓耀隆;Han, Yow-long
Keywords:	爾雅;釋親;漢語文化;親屬關係;Shin-qin;Erya;relatives relations;culture of Chinese character
Date:	2006
Issue Date:	2010-01-11 05:12:43 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	《爾雅》過去經常被作為一部辭書或甚至訓詁書籍，對於其中條列的字詞有許多深刻且嚴謹的研究。許多學者對於《爾雅》當中的字詞條例、訓詁方式及文物考究，皆有相當程度的研究及主張。但作為一部訓詁的書籍，其能夠承載的應該不只是字句上的字字斟酌，或是詞彙上音通義近的問題而已，《爾雅》代表的是一個時期人文、地理、自然、社會上所累積而成的各方文化代表。任何一個條目的排列，背後所蘊含的可能是長時間積累之後所表現出來的人文素養及當時社會的社經背景，但是當表現在文字紀錄時，卻用最精簡的文字表達將文化上深層涵義、人文背景，在文字或詞句上呈現。本文研究目的嘗試在《爾雅》十九卷的分類當中，將條列式的字、詞，其背後所承載的人文社會背景，或當時語言環境上所反映的文化現象勾勒出來，鋪陳出符合當時的社會現實，發現古人的生活與文化層次。以《爾雅》為中心點，承先啟後的將過去古人的生活或是語言習慣等等作一呈現。尤其是親屬稱謂，人際之間的交往，不會因為時空的改變而有所差異，由親屬稱謂看婚姻、家庭、性別的文化痕跡，是在此企圖建構之文化角度。本文從文化面入手，以《爾雅》記錄之時間斷限為主，〈釋親〉篇所建構之親屬關係為主要研究範疇。擬以人事類中，專門針對人物稱謂的〈釋親〉作為主要研究對象，從輩分的稱謂及在家族的排行以及非血緣的姻親名稱裡，發現當時對於男女性別地位上的不同，以及因為性別的差異所衍生出的文化現象，甚至為了傳宗接代而納「妾」的社會。將此在性別上差異而產生的文化做出詮釋，且回溯至上古時期曾經出現過的母系社會，並將兩者做比較發現對於男女性別不同的文化態度。操作方法上，先將字詞的本義、引申義逐一說明，再依〈釋親〉篇的分類，宗族、母黨、妻黨、婚姻等四類，依條例名稱之內容，表以關係圖，將親屬關係逐代釐清，彼此之稱謂以圖示來表關係之遠近，最後再將各親屬稱謂作文化詮釋。直系之血親，旁系之姻親，親屬遠近關係的親朋好友，婚姻形式產生的姻親兄弟將嘗試建構，並以較符合現今常用的稱呼做古今兩者之對照，找出其變化之痕跡。 Erya used to be viewed as a thesaurus. There have been piles of studies on its words and phrases. However, being a semantics book interpreting words and phrases of the time, it bears more than the lexical function. In fact, Erya is an encyclopedia of its cultural contexts including humanity, geography, nature as well as society. Its usage of words and phrases reflect the social and economic contexts of the period. This study, in light of culture, tries to approach the cultural connotations of the words and phrases elaborated under the nineteen headings in Erya. Focalizing on kinship and interpersonal relation, this study exemplifies the cultural interpretations of Erya. The relationships discussed in this study are selected from the chapter “Shin Qin” in Erya. In this study, we trace the different social statuses between man and woman, which evolve special cultural phenomena like marrying concubines for carrying on the family name. From this perspective, we suppose the existence of the matriarchal society in the upper ancient times. Specifically, this study elaborates, first, definitions of words and phrases of choice. Then, we clarify the relations of kinships among these terms according to the four categories in Shin Qin Chapter. And finally, we approach cultural interpretations of kinships we discussed earlier and find traces of different cultural connotation between present and then.
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