廖文毅在時不我與的情形之下，最終在1965年5月，宣佈放棄台獨運動，回到台灣。雖然如此，以廖文毅為首所成立的「台灣共和國臨時政府」仍具有相當的歷史意義，因為廖氏不僅提出台灣獨立理論與主張，更透過憲法的制訂、有組織的團體及外交活動等具體作為來實踐其理念。這是第一個有組織的台灣獨立團體，亦是最早提出台灣民族主義、公民投票、住民自決的獨立運動團體。豈能成敗論英雄？ This thesis inquired Thomas Liao And 「The Provisional Government of The Republic of Formosa」. This organization was the first organized Formosan independent goup after the War world Ⅱ. Thomas Liao was the leader of this organization. His political idea converted form self-government to Formosan Independent. Thomas Liao established 「The Provisional Government of The Republic of Formosa」 in 1956. This organization faced a lot of limitations including internal problems, external repression from KMT etc. Although the Formosan independent movement didn’t succeed finally, it still has had its contribution in Taiwan independent movement.
