| 摘要: | 臺北水源特定區為大臺北地區之重要水源區域，其水源主要來自南、北勢溪流域，同時為提供大台北地區約五百萬人口的民生用水的重要源頭。為管理及永續利用臺北水源特定區內南勢溪河川環境之治理，同時為維護當地之珍貴資源，本研究進行南勢溪流域管理之政策體系研究，深入研究當地社群網絡、社會資本凝聚與公部門納入民眾參與之途徑與方法。透過文獻及深度訪談當地利害相關者，本研究綜整出當地相關之現況問題：一、流域管理機關權責分散及相關法令衝突的問題；二、當地土地利用與開發受限，衍生居民權益維護的問題；三、溫泉觀光所造成的水源及生態環境維護問題；四、南勢溪下游河川基流量不足的問題。
為解決當地問題，本研究應用跨域治理的政策網絡理論之分析，並融入治理互賴與政策執行分析觀點，導入全局治理設計與公私協力機制應用於流域管理之規劃；主要從當地現況瞭解出發，運用由下而上觀點，透過與當地利害相關者深度訪談建構面臨之核心問題及以分析網絡程序法建立關鍵影響因素及策略共識，以人性化之質性調查紮根訪談並結合以科學化系統分析之方法來發掘當地關鍵問題、影響因子，並尋求出利害關係者共識認同傾向之解決策略。
經由調查，結果發現多數相關利害關係人，認為欲解決南勢溪流域管理問題需改變現況，以「成立跨部門管理專責委員會」為主要選擇，即臺北水源特定區需要具決策性層級之專責溝通平台來落實政策執行，方能在社會、經濟及生態三個環境面向中取得平衡點，並達成三者之永續經營，才可謂為一項優質的流域管理策略。此外，透過國內外案例制度研析及後續追蹤深度訪談，瞭解目前管轄臺北水源特定區之國家機關代表，其商議能力及深入能力均有不足之處，而當地社會資本的建構亦有努力的空間，研究顯示改善國家能力以發揮政策執行之魄力則有助於當地社會資本凝聚的提昇，進而朝向國家與社會治理互賴關係的形塑。最後，針對臺北水源特定區未來跨域治理的發展方向，提出下列建議：
一、透過現有管理機關層級提升或加強機關間橫向的溝通合作；
二、透過跨部門專責委員會或流域管理局的設立負責全方位業務推動；
三、建立本區跨域治理階段發展之策略地圖逐步達成全局性優良治理目標。
The Taipei Water Source Domain is the major water source of the Greater Taipei Area. With the water from the Nan-Shin and Bei-shi watersheds, this area is a water source for the five million people in Taipei. In order to manage and maintain the Nan-Shin watershed in the Taipei Water Source Domain and protect the valuable local resources, in this study we look at the management of Nan-Shin watershed and examine ways to reinforce the local communities, social resources, and public participation. After reviewing past literatures and conducting in-depth interviews with the local stakeholders, the issues identified are: (1) scattered jurisdiction and conflicts between regulations, (2) limited land use and development posing problems for the local residents, (3) water-source and ecological issues caused by hot-spring tourism, and (4) insufficient base-flow in the downstream of Nan-Shin River.
In order to solve these problems, in this study the policy network theory for cross-domain management was utilized, and the perspectives of interdependent governance and policy enforcement were incorporated into an overall design of governance and a public-private collaboration mechanism for watershed management. By understanding the current status and utilizing the bottom-to-top perspective, the in-depth interviews with the local stakeholders helped clarify the core issues, and critical factors and strategic consensus were identified using the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The humanistic, quantitative interviews combined with scientific, systematic analysis helped clarify the key issues and influential factors in the areas of interest, and solutions agreeable to the stakeholders were also determined.
It was discovered that most of the stakeholders believed the best way to change the current status in the management of Nan-Shin watershed was to “establish a cross-departmental, dedicated committee.” In other words, the Taipei Water Source Domain requires a dedicated decision-making platform that enforces the policies before a balance can be reached between the society, economy, and ecology. Only by doing so can sustainable management be achieved and a high-quality watershed management strategy takes place. In addition, by making reference to cases in Taiwan and other countries and conducting follow-up, in-depth interviews, it has been made clear that the current governmental agency managing the Taipei Water Source Domain is lacking in the capacity of negotiating and getting straight to the point, and the local social-capital structure also has room for improvements. It is suggested by this study that an improved governmental capacity fully enforcing the policies will help congregate the local social capital and in turn achieve interdependent governance between the national and society. Lastly, the following suggestions were proposed regarding the future directions of the management of the Taipei Water Source Domain.
1. Improve and increase inter-agency communication and collaborations through the existing managerial agencies.
2. Establish a cross-departmental committee or watershed agency that is in full charge of the relevant tasks.
3. Develop a strategic map of the area''s governance and step by step achieve high-quality governance of the entire area. |
