| 摘要: | 有鑑於政治效能感的意涵以及所涉及的議題早已為國內外政治學者所重視，因此本文一方面除了探討影響台灣民眾政治效能感的因素之外，另一方面也對台灣民眾的政治參與型態，以政治效能感為主提出心理層面的解釋。研究結果發現，台灣民眾的內在政治效能感一直維持著相對穩定的發展狀態，上下幅度沒有太大的變動。外在政治效能感則在政黨輪替後有了顯著的提升，顯示民眾對於政治體系回應性的感受日漸普及，因而不論對民進黨在往後執政正當性基礎的建立或者是整個政治體系邁向民主鞏固階段來說，皆具有正面的意義。
就影響民眾政治效能感的因素而言，在內在效能感方面，性別、教育程度、政黨認同以及媒體暴露皆為顯著的影響因素。在外在效能感方面，顯著影響因素則包括了年齡、省籍、教育程度、政治知識、施政評價、政黨認同以及媒體暴露等等。至於在政治參與行為的預測上，針對政治效能感來說，首先，內在與外在效能感皆高者，僅會試圖與政府官員或政治人物進行接觸。其次，內在效能感低但外在效能感高者，除了接觸行為外，亦有參與民間性的社團活動。再者，內在效能高而外在效能低者，參與的情形則最為踴躍，除了競選活動以及接觸活動之外，此類型的民眾亦會參與示威抗議活動。
With respect to variety of political attitudes, it is generally accepted that “ political efficacy” is an important psychological component associated with a wide range of political behavior. Therefore, on the one hand we examine the factors affecting Taiwanese political efficacy, and the other we concentrate on political efficacy, using it to be the main psychological explanation of political participation. The findings demonstrates that Taiwanese internal efficacy is maintaining the relatively stable state of development. And there is an apparent change after the rotation of ruling parties in external efficacy, showing that people’s impression to the responsiveness of the government is popularized day by day.
As regards factors influencing people’s internal political efficacy, significant variables include gender, level of education , party identification , and media exposure. In external efficacy, significant variables include age , level of education, political knowledge , evaluation of government performance, party identification, and media exposure. Besides, people who harbor high assessment of personal political competence and who view the system as responsive would only engage in contacting officials. Inefficacious individuals who nonetheless perceive a responsive political word are likely to engage in campaign activity and try to contact officials. When high internal political efficacy is combined with low external political efficacy, the potential for nonconformist participation is optimal. |
