駕駛工作是一個包含人、車、路和環境四大要素的資訊處理過程，駕駛過程中任何一個環節出了問題，都可能導致事故的發生。Lewin （1982）曾指出，85~90％之交通事故皆與駕駛者有關，要降低交通事故件數，必須從駕駛行為著手。本研究之研究目的包括：(1)設計駕駛同理心量表，將同理心理論應用於道路交通研究領域；(2)探討不同運具駕駛經驗對同理心之影響；(3)探討駕駛經驗與同理心對風險感認之影響；(4)提供駕駛訓練、再教育及道安講習制度等交通安全管理與駕駛教育政策之參考。 回顧道路交通風險感認相關文獻可知，人格特質對於駕駛者之風險感認程度有相當大之影響，同理心是人格特質中相當重要卻常被忽視的一環。本研究以國內汽機車駕駛者之風險感認與同理心量表驗證不同運具駕駛經驗之駕駛者，其同理心與風險感認等變數間因果關係假設是否成立。總計調查台北縣市415位有效駕駛者問卷，以敘述統計、多變量分析、相關分析與線性結構方程式等數量方法進行資料統計檢定與分析。 研究結果顯示，擁有不同運具駕駛經驗之駕駛者對於駕駛同理心的反應程度並無顯著影響；而一般同理心與駕駛同理心則有顯著正向關係，表示駕駛者之一般同理心程度愈高，其駕駛同理心程度亦愈高。而駕駛者之駕駛同理心程度愈高，其風險感認程度也愈高。 The purposes of this study are: (1) to design a Driving Empathy Scale and apply it into the traffic safety research field; (2) to find the effects of driving experience upon drivers’ empathy; (3) to find the effects of driving experience, empathy upon risk perception of drivers; (4) to improve the policy of traffic safety management and drivers’ education program. According to the literature review, we find that personality of drivers has a great effects on his/her risk perception, and empathy is an important part in the personality. This research attempts to find the relationships within the empathy, driving empathy and risk perception of drivers with different driving experience. A total of 415 drivers were surveyed in this study. The descriptive statistics, multivariate statistical analysis, correlation analysis, linear structural equation model, were employed to these responses of questionnaires. The results indicate that there was no significant difference among the driving empathy of drivers with different driving experience. However, there exist a significant relationship between generally empathy and driving empathy. The higher degree of generally empathy of the drivers, the higher degree of driving empathy. Besides, the drivers with high degree of driving empathy will cause high degree of risk perception.
