| 摘要: | 捷運接駁公車基本上可提高捷運系統與公車間轉乘便利性與可及性，形成完整的大眾運輸網路，擴大大眾運輸的服務範圍；目前捷運接駁公車路線性質屬於服務型路線，其營運狀況未能及一般聯營公車路線外，近年台北市政府在捷運接駁公車方面積極推動先進大眾運輸系統，以期提升其服務品質，降低公車營運成本。因此捷運接駁公車之營運效率如何，未來先進大眾運輸系統之永續發展關鍵在於是否能降低公車業者營運成本，提高營運效率為吾人所關切。
本研究將蒐集91~94年台北市九家公車業者之捷運接駁公車營運成本及相關營運資料，從成本面角度出發，並採用隨機邊界成本函數中固定效果模型探討各家業者之營運績效與成本效率，包括經濟效率、要素價格、產出間的相互影響效果、規模經濟及總要素生產力。
實證研究發現，(1)研究期間內各捷運接駁公司的經濟效率排名以台北客運為最有效率之業者，其次依序為欣欣、光華、大南、中興、大有、三重、大都會與首都；(2)捷運接駁公車之生產技術非呈中立性；(3)研究期間內捷運接駁公車路線呈現規模報酬遞增；(4)研究期間內總要素生產力為0.0433呈正成長，主要以技術變動效果影響較大。
此外，本研究以業者營運的角度，探討未來引進智慧型運輸技術所需之成本與可能產生之效益，對各公車業者投入要素價格的改變，並參考國內外相關APTS效益之文獻，進而對公車業者產生之生產力的變化做一情境分析。結果顯示引進車隊管理系統對捷運接駁公車總要素生產力成長率可產生0.0623正成長，引進公車優先號誌系統可產生0.1281 正成長，而引進此兩種技術等系統可產生0.1301正成長。
Basically, the feeder bus transit will improve transit convenience and accessibility within the MRT and Bus to form a integral public transportation network and extend the service area of public transportation system. The feeder bus transit gives service to people so far, it cannot be as usual joint operation bus lines. Hence, we would like to know that what the operation efficiency of feeder bus transit is. Also according to the sustainable development whether the ITS will be the key to lower the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency.
The information which we collected included the costs and operating data of bus routes from nine bus operators of Taipei City. Regarding to the cost based, we made use of the fixed effects from the Stochastic Frontier Cost Function discussed each bus operator’s operation and cost efficiency covered by the economic efficiency, factor prices, economies of scale , and total factor productivity.
The results indicate that first, Taipei bus is the most efficiency bus operator. Secondly, technological progress of the feeder bus transit isn’t neutral. Thirdly, the result of Feeder Bus Transit is increasing returns to scale during the research. Fourthly, the total factor productivity is 0.0433 which shows that it is a positive growth of the productivity, and the main influence is technological progress.
Moreover, we discussed how much the cost and benefit will happen after introduced ITS. Based on the factor prices and other APTS references, we did the scenario analysis for the production of the bus operators. It shows that the total factor productivity of the feeder bus transit will be about 0.0623 which is a positive growth if the bus operators introduced the fleet management systems. If they use the bus priority signal system, it will be 0.1281, also if they use both systems, the production will rise to 0.1301. |
